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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Research Infrastructure Services for Renewable Energy

The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy with zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve more efficient, competitive and cost-effective energy systems and devices, RISEnergy fosters a European ecosystem of industry, research organizations and funding agencies aimed at developing novel energy technologies and concepts. RISEnergy brings together a consortium of 69 beneficiaries from 23 countries: ERIC institutions, technology institutes, universities and industrial partners, to jointly improve the economic performance of technologies. Members of the European Energy Research Alliance are establishing the core European ecosystem. The main objectives of RISEnergy are: 1.) enable research and innovation to increase energy efficiency and reduce the cost of energy technologies to foster wider use of renewables into energy systems through proactive innovation management having single entry point with tailor-made access roads for academics, industry, and SMEs, and advising RI providers, all acces Users, and policy makers on LCA, ICT development and networking issues; 2.) provide efficient transnational access (TNA) to facilities to support renewable energy technologies and systems: Provide more than 2,500 days of access to major European and international world-leading analytical facilities; 3.) reach out to all stakeholders performing research along the value chain, from materials and technology development to applications in the eight most relevant fields of PV, CSP/STE , hydrogen, biofuels, offshore wind, ocean energy, integrated grids, and energy storage, research infrastructure providers and policy makers; 4.) provide comprehensive services of unprecedented quality: new cross-RI services, a single entry point, tailor-made access roads for academia industry, and SMEs with a particular focus on scientists from research fields in which the use of research infrastructures is not yet established.


Cooperation and AgReements enhancing Global interOperability for Aerosol, Cloud and Trace gas research infrastructures

The goal of CARGO-ACT is to deliver a clear roadmap for sustainable global cooperation between key
ground-based aerosol, cloud and trace gas research infrastructures, each having invested in infrastructure and services to support their observing networks with a long-term perspective, with a view to consolidating into a sustainable global research infrastructure in the future. There is a strong desire for global integration from the research community, including weather, climate, and air quality monitoring and modelling, 
and in particular from space agencies, since global networks of ground-based observations are an essential component complementing Earth Observation from space, providing calibration and validation of the remote sensing information collected by current and future satellite missions. The integration of the current ground-based networks, which may have different interests and priorities, requires cooperation and agreements at the global level, including engagement with relevant stakeholders. Their service provision is not limited to data services, but includes access to the measurement facilities, reference instruments, reference standards and laboratories, all of which are topics to be assessed in CARGO-ACT.  

The specific objectives of CARGO-ACT are to, develop sustainable partnerships and decision making processes with relevant partners, demonstrate the benefits of converging interoperability and standards to stakeholders and the global research community, establish the mechanisms for providing  international access to distributed research infrastructures and develop a roadmap for upscaling towards an integrated global research infrastructure for aerosol, cloud and trace gases.


Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

As carbon taxes are set to extend in depth and scope it will be critical to follow them from policymaking to implementation. Just Carbon Transitions (JUSTCARBON) spotlights the role of legal expertise in translating carbon taxation ideals into action. Tax systems and national legal jurisdictions present significant challenges for policy makers intent on tackling both environmental concerns and redistributive goals through taxation. There is an urgent need to investigate the role of legal tax professional structure, authority, and expertise to draw out how competition and cooperation among experts shapes the effectiveness of taxes in bringing about just transitions. These experts are crucial to study because the justness of (carbon) tax policies extend beyond ‘the letter of the law’, to the enforcement and control systems that make them effective - systems designed and populated by tax professionals. 

The study draws on an interdisciplinary research agenda shared between scholars of public administration and the sociology of professions and expertise. Through a comparative study of tax professionals and policy processes in three European countries – Denmark, Norway, and France – the study will give new insights into the implementation and operation of these systems, and how they are part of changing national legal orders on tax. Overall, the project will tell us where tax professionals are positioned in national policy advisory systems, what ‘legal expertise’ means in practice to these experts and which norms guide their work. The project is designed to expand this interdisciplinary agenda by bridging sociological and political science communities. During the project I will train with leading scholars in international comparative research on expertise and public administration, from sociological and political science perspectives. My goals are to develop a more complete research profile and my potential to be a future research leader in these fields.

Just Carbon Transitions

Midlene fra IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Øye, Gisle  DAADppp-06-07

Dette prosjektet har bestått av fire hovedelementer:

-	Gjennom ulike datasett har vi undersøkt prediktorer for og konsekvenser av ulike bruksmønstre av alkohol. Hvilke faktorer øker risikoen for høyt konsum? Hva blir de langsiktige konsekvensene? Vi har identifisert prediktorer for s.k. "binge drinking", med særlig vekt på familiefaktorer. Enkelte studier har tydet på at ungdom som ikke gjør normbrudd, har dårligere langsiktig tilpassing enn andre. Et nytt arbeid tyder på at dette ikke gjelder her i landet. 
-	Videre har vi sett på trender over de siste 20 årene, med særlig vekt på ungdom. Stemmer det at forbruket økte på 1990-tallet? Har det falt etter årtusenskiftet? Innebærer dette også at gruppene som bruker alkohol endrer seg? Hypotesen om bølgene av endring ble bekreftet, men brukergruppene ser ikke ut til å endre seg mye, på tross av endringer i prevalens. Derimot har det blitt store forskjeller i bruk av alkohol i ulike deler av Oslo, hvor den velstående vestkanten er mye mer "fuktig". En fersk studie tyder dessuten på at innvandring til Norge, og særlig til Oslo, spiller en betydelig rolle for de endrede mønstrene. Innvandret ungdom drikker mindre enn andre.   
-	Dessuten har vi - ved hjelp av kvalitative data - sett på ulike drikkekulturer. Norge kjennetegnes av såkalt «binge drinking», men det synes likevel å være nokså store forskjeller i hvorvidt beruselse er akseptabelt mellom ulike kontekster. Vi har sammenliknet russetid og fadderuke og publisert flere artikler som viser de store forskjellene i de to kontekstene, noe som igjen reflekterer ulike kontekstbaserte normer. Vi har også belyst faktorer som øker og reduserer voldsnivået i utelivet i en kvalitativ studie. Vi har i en serie arbeider beskrevet sammenhengen mellom tilfeldig sex og alkoholbruk, og beskrevet et utvalg menn som kjennetegnes av aggressiv og nedlatende væremåter overfor kvinner i fylla. Vi har belyst drikkehistorienes betydning basert på et s.k. narrativt perspektiv, og identifisert de klassiske temaene i slike drikkehistorier.     
-	Det siste elementet er knyttet til den romlige dimensjonen ved lovbrudd og spesielt alkoholservering og vold. Her har vi, ved hjelp av såkalte geodata, undersøkt distribusjonen av lovbrudd og om det er noen sammenheng mellom skjenking i Oslo sentrum og vold, og om en intervensjon for å lære opp bartendere til å være «ansvarlig vertskap» har hatt konsekvenser for forekomsten av vold. En publikasjon viser at intervensjonen (SALUTT) ikke synes å ha noen effekt på registrert vold. I flere andre artikler har vi, som pekt på over, belyst de store forskjellene i bruk av alkohol i ulike deler av Oslo. 

Prosjektet har kastet lys over drikkemønstre og deres årsaker. Vi har belyst utviklingen over tid, kulturell variasjon og det normative fundamentet for den særegne norske drikkekulturen. Videre har vi belyst sammenhengen mellom alkoholservering og vold, alkoholbruk og sex, og hvorvidt tiltak for å redusere sammenhengen til vold har effekt.

Norway is characterized as a "binge drinking country".Binge drinking has been linked to alcohol-related deaths, injuries, suicide, violence and social exclusion. However, we know little about the etiology of this drinking pattern, neither about sociocultural factors that reinforce this way of using alcohol, nor about possible long-term consequences. 

Four sub-projects are proposed.  We will investigate (i) predictors and consequences of different drinking patterns; (ii) the secular trends in alcohol consumption among adolescents over the last two decades; (iii) young adult drinking cultures and their associated "moral orders", (iv) the relationship between licensed premises and violence. 

We will use a variety of high-quality data sources, such as (i) a population-based longitudinal data set, where self-report is combined with a number of registers; (ii) repeated large scale cross-sectional data sets collected with identical procedures and with high response rates, (iii) qualitative interview data combined with ethnographic fieldwork, and (iv) so-called geodata, providing exact locations of pubs and bars, as well as exact locations of reported crimes, which will be combined with sociodemographic data.  

Combined, we will be able to shed light on a host of questions with regard to alcohol consumption, binge drinking, alcohol problems and possible consequences. We will critically examine the validity of the influential theory of "the collectivity of drinking cultures", as well as "the drunken comportment"-framework that, four decades ago, was proposed by MacAndrew and Edgerton. We will also be able to evaluate possible effects of a recent alcohol intervention in downtown Oslo - the SALUTT project. 

The proposed project reflects key priorities in The Research Council's program plan, as well as priorities in official Norwegian policy on alcohol and substance use.

Alcohol consumption in Norway: A mixed-methods approach

Studien dokumenterer gjennom to bøker, og et stort antall artikler at cannabiskulturen fikk sin form i Norge på 1960-tallet. På tross av endringer i både brukergrupper i løpet av de 50 årene som har gått, slik som karakteren av stoffet (økende THC-innhold, større innslag av marihuana), og vekslende prevalens (for eksempel økning på 1990-tallet, og reduksjon etter årtusenskiftet) har kulturen vært overraskende slitesterk og robust: Brukerne har langt på vei opprettholdt et subkulturelt perspektiv, med vekt på «grønne verdier» og skepsis til både kapital og kriminelle aktører. Sjargong, ritualer og symboler har fortsatt mye av det samme preget. Et stykke på vei har en likevel sett såkalt «normalisering», slik det er beskrevet fra for eksempel UK.  Bruk av cannabis spiller likevel en viktig rolle i samfunnsmessige marginaliseringsprosesser, og en betydelig andel av de mer regelmessige brukerne straffeforfølges. Dette skyldes at mange av dem tar del i omsetning på lavt nivå. De som er involvert i smugling og omsetning er  på lavere nivå  nokså preget av denne kulturen. For dem høyere i kjeden spiller den mindre rolle. I løpet av det siste tiåret har de to store endringene vært knyttet til økt hjemmedyrking og økt bruk av såkalt «medisinsk cannabis».

In Oslo today, 30 % of the men in their late twenties have used cannabis the last year. Oslo also hosts Scandinavias largest open cannabis street market. There is a basic ambiguity when it comes to cannabis: On the one hand, we observe marginalized users,  associated with a problematic lifestyle, at the same time cannabis is still linked to a subculture associated with oppositional life-style, certain music preferences, and what early was coined as "a hang loose ethic".
The first aim of the study is to ide ntify the symbolic meanings associated with different cannabis use patterns. We ask: How is the symbolic meaning of cannabis use expressed? How are cannabis rituals today performed? How is cannabis used in more marginal segments of society? 
The second ai m is to highlight processes of marginalization, related to cannabis use. In classic sociology on deviance, labelling and stigma, cannabis users were portrayed as a case in point. In Norway, today, the situation is different. All the same, a surprisingly h igh proportion of regular cannabis users are convicted for drug-related crimes, and a rather high proportion live in a marginalized situation. Or second aim is to ask: What role does cannabis play in such marginalization processes?  
Thirdly, the cannabis  economy is huge, and we find three different markets for cannabis in Norway: public, semi-public and private. Public markets refer to the open street sale; semi-public refers to cannabis sale in clubs and pubs; and the private market refers to distributi on distribution through personal relations, primarily from dealers? apartments. While public markets submit the users to the risk of being hustled and arrested, private settings represent a more subtle risk: Friendship and social relations bind the users  to a milieu that involves the use of illegal drugs. Our third aim is to highlight in more detail the cannabis markets and their implications for the participants.

Cannabis: Subculture, economy and social marginality

Street capital: Black cannabis dealers in a white welfare state

In the new Norwegian “Action plan to prevent unwanted pregnancy and abortions 2004-2008” (Ministry of Health 2003), it was argued that vulnerable women with limited resources are more likely than others to experience unwanted pregnancies. This included “y outh who in critical situations may act out their problems through risky sexual behaviors”, young women with “poor self esteem or mental health problems, and adolescents who use sexuality to compensate for loneliness”. Further, young women with alcohol an d drug problems were identified as a group at risk for unwanted pregnancy and abortion as well as for sexual exploitation and prostitution. However, little research was presented as evidence for these statements. 

The present research project will invest igate these matters, by means of a representative, longitudinal study of Norwegian women born in the early 1980s. Further we will investigate a previously documented association for abortion to social class and social marginalization. Even if few teenager s carry to term a pregnancy, we will compare teenage births with abortions, as much international research indicate that there is an even stronger association to social class and social marginalization for teenage births than for abortions.

Abortion and teenage birth: A longitudinal study of girls and young women

På tross av den generelt høye oppmerksomheten rundt seksualitet i vårt samfunn, er den forskningsbaserte kunnskap om seksualiteten begrenset. Vi har særlig mangelfull kunnskap om dimensjoner ved den seksuelle funksjon og hvordan sammenhengen er mellom sek suell funksjon, mental helse og andre livsområder. 
Prosjektet vil ta utgangspunkt i det nyutviklete <i>Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning  </i>(DISF, Derogatis 1997). Det måler 
<h>1. hyppighet, intensitet og driv i seksuelle fantasier og drømmer  
<h>2. faktisk seksuell aktivitet, og 
<h>3. opplevd seksuell nærhet, empati og tilfredshet. 
Prosjektet vil bruke et prospektivt logitudinelt utvalg fra normalpopulasjonen. Gjennom prosjektet vil en beskrive ungdommenes seksuelle livshistorie, knyttet t il seksuell debutalder, partnerantall, alder for fastere pardannelse. Prosjektet vil beskrive dem i forhold til DISFs tre dimensjoner, hvor forskjeller etter kjønn vil stå sentralt. Prosjektet vil videre knytte seksuell funksjon til kjønnsrolleidentitet,  mental helse, ulike aspekter av selvbilde og livskvalitet. Dessuten vil prosjektet undersøke hvordan ulike aspekter ved ens oppvekstvilkår spiller inn for utviklingen av seksuell funksjonsevne og grad av tilfredshet. Særlig vekt vil legges på å belyse ho mofiles situasjon. 
Det vil fremskaffes kunnskap om svært sentralt livsområde, basert på gode instrumenter og et sterkt utvalg. Både nasjonalt og internasjonalt er feltet svakt dekket av tidligere forskning. Det vil være en av de få ganger det i internasj onal sammenheng fremskaffes slik kunnskap fra normalpopulasjonen gjennom prospektiv longitudinell metodikk, og også - så vidt vites - første gang lesbiske og homoseksuelle kan undersøkes innen rammen av en slik studie.

IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland

Øye, Gisle DAADppp-06-07

Tildelt: kr 60 000

Budsjettformål:

IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland

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