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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Midlene fra FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin fordelt på fagområde

Seniorforsker

Due to the great economic losses caused by the root and butt-rot pathogen Heterobasidion annosum, developments of efficient control measures are warranted. Considerable clonal variation has been recorded for Norway spruce in resistance towards H. annosum,  but the defence mechanisms contributing to host resistance remain poorly understood. The recent genome sequencing of Populus has made the genus a model to facilitate tree genetics. Genome-wide transcript profiling of Populus tremula upon pathogen attack will now be used, and homologues of Norway spruce genes to defence genes up-regulated in Populus will be identified. Based on the identified homologues, real-time PCR will be employed to screen the defence responses of Norway spruce clones showing differe ntial resistance toward H. annosum. This will enable identification of the components and marker genes of host defence in Norway spruce, knowledge that can be used in a breeding program targeted to resistance of Norway spruce toward Heterobasidion.

Global expression of defence-related genes in Populus and transfer of knowledge to Norway spruce

This programme aims at meeting an increasing demand for research-based knowledge on the competitive position of Norwegian agriculture and food processing industries. This will be achieved through an international comparative study with a particular focus on productivity and the roles of institutional frameworks. The programme addresses productivity changes and their main sources in Norwegian agriculture compared with the productivity development in Finnish agriculture before and after Finland's EU-accessi on in 1995. It also addresses competitive strategies in the processing industry. The intension is to get a better understanding of core aspects of competitiveness by focusing on effects of micro- and macro-level institutions on availability and prices of input factors and competitive strategies within the agri-food sector. This combination of approaches aims at developing a deeper understanding of the unexplained variance that results from traditional econometric analyses. 
The SIP is divided into three m odules. Module 1 analyses farm-level panel data. It applies a microeconomic framework and econometric methods to estimate productivity changes and sources of productivity changes, and compares Norway and Finland. The aim of module 2 is to account for miss ing variables and reduce unexplained variance in module 1 by treating unexplained residual of the quantitative analyses as a set of cases that will be compared in a qualitative follow-up study. It will focus specifically on the role of social networks and  trust-based, non-monetised exchange among farmers. The aim of module 3 is to address specifically the effects of macro-level institutions on competitive strategies within the agri-food sector, through a comparative study of Norway and Finland. What can b e learned from the development of the Finnish food industry after the EU-accession in 1995?

Productivity and competitiveness in the agri-food sector: Comparing Norway and Finland

Mjølkeproduksjonen samles på færre og større bruk. De senere årene har mjølkeavdråtten per årsku økt, og det har blitt færre mjølkekyr. Hittil har tallet på ammekyr økt mindre enn tallet på mjølkekyr har minket. Færre kyr gir mindre tilgang på kalver for kjøttproduksjon. Færre kyr og høyere avdrått per ku gir mindre behov for grovfôr. Dette kan føre til at produksjonen av storfekjøtt minker, og at "marginale" arealer blir liggende uskjøttet og etter hvert gror igjen. Etterspørselen etter kraftfôr og derme d norsk korn påvirkes også. Endringer i tilskudds- og kvoteordninger kan være årsak til endrigene. Rammevilkårene endres stadig, og tilpassingene vil derfor også endres. En mangler oversikt over hvilke konsekvenser nåværende tilpassinger i mjølkeproduksjo nen kan få på lengre sikt, og hvordan tilpassingene kan bli ved andre rammevilkår. Formålet med dette prosjektet er å få bedre innsikt i tilpassinger til og konsekvenser av nåværende og alternative rammevilkår. Dette gir også større innsikt i hvordan prod uksjonen kan påvirkes, hvis det er ønskelig.
I prosjektet vil en undersøke faktisk tilpassing de senere 10-15 årene. Gardsmodeller vil bli brukt for å undersøke hvordan mjølkeprodusentene kan tenkes å tilpasse seg framover. Sammenligning med tilpassinger i andre land vil også bli brukt for å analysere tilpassinger under alternative rammevilkår. Videre vil en undersøke hvilke konsekvenser tilpassinger på foretaknivå vil ha for geografisk fordeling av mjølke- og kjøttproduksjonen, arealbruk og sysselsetting  totalt for jordbruket. Til dette vi vi bruke en sektormodell for norsk jordbruk. Ved å kombinere desse tilnærmingen vil en totalt sett få god innsikt i tilpassinger og konsekvenser både på bedrifts- og sektornivå. Prosjektet vil gjøre det mulig å finne u t hvordan utviklingen i mjølkeproduksjonen påvirker viktige samfunnshensyn, uttrykt gjennom landbrukspolitiske mål. Slik kunnskap kan være nyttig i utformingen av landbrukspolitiske virkemidler.

Tilpassing på norske mjølkebruk - konsekvenser for mjølke-, kjøtt-, korn- og kraftfôrproduksjon, arealbruk og sysselsetting 186557

Since the farming sector consists primarily of family firms, the structural development of the sector and of farm dominated rural areas is the result of numerous micro-level household decisions. The important decisions are often strategic in nature; imply ing that long-term consequences are considered and that they are not easily reversible. Because of the long-term perspective such decisions are also surrounded by uncertainty.  Examples are decisions to exit, decisions to work off the farm, decisions to change production system or decisions to invest. Strategic decisions are to varying degrees influenced by, and targeted by policy. As the role of agricultural income in the house hold budget declines it is expected that the role of agricultural policy as a driver of change and important factor in decisions making is reduced.  Analyses of factors affecting such decisions and of recent changes will be based on the 1995 and 2002 farm household surveys (Levekårsundersøkelser) combined with annual agricultural statistics. The strategic decisions will be analysed using appropriate q ualitative dependent variables models to estimate the probabilities of farm exits, expansion, dairy farm exit, conversion to organic farming, off-farm labour and on-farm diversification, in different households, and changes over time.

Strategic decisions in Norwegian farm households. Changes in the 1995-2002 period.

Prosjektet skal analysere behov for, muligheter og konsekvenser av nye kontraktsformer i norsk primærjordbruk. Prosjektet skal gi systematisk kunnskap om hvilke kontraktstyper som kan egne seg for å regulere forholdet mellom primærprodusenter og foredling sledd, gitt større behov for markedstilpasning av landbruket de kommende årene. Det sentrale kontraktsgrunnlaget for mange norske bønder har vært orientert mot utjevnende landbrukspolitiske ordninger, og bredspektrede, langsiktige medlemskontrakter i samv irkeorganisasjoner. Dette har sikret produsenter stabile betingelser. Denne type kontraktsgrunnlag er mindre egnet i en situasjon med sterkere krav til tilpasning i hele verdikjeder og primærprodusentleddet spesielt. Nye kontrakter må ta hensyn til de kra v markedstilpasningen innebærer: Bedre synkroniseringen mellom tilbud og etterspørsel, jevn og ensartet produktkvalitet som tilfredsstiller forbrukernes forventninger, håndtering av risiko ved nye satsninger etc. Det er betydelig   variasjoner mellom produktgrupper, både i produktegenskaper og hvordan omsetningen er organisert nå. Dette vil påvirke hva som er egnet i framtida, og vil bli tillagt stor vekt i analysen. Analyseenhetene er relasjonen mellom primærprodusenter og foredlin gsledd, men fordi produksjon og distribusjon av matvarer mer og mer blir strukturert i integrerte, vertikale kjeder, må en i drøftingen ta hensyn til dynamikken i hele verdikjeder.

Markedstilpassing gjennom nye kontraktsformer.

Prosjektet er ein analyse av data frå kukontrollen og Effektivitetskontrollen for å finne kva faktorar i produksjonen som påverkar det økonomiske resultat på bruk med mjølk- og storfekjøttproduksjon. Prosjektet skal skaffe fram nøkkeltal for å kunne utvik le eit nytt framtidsretta databasert rådgjevingsverktøy for mjølkeprodusentar og rådgjevarar. Datagrunnlaget er til saman 1700 mjølkeproduksjonsbruk frå heile landet, og desse vil bli analyserte for å finne kva som skil bruk med god lønsemd i produksjonen  frå bruk med dårleg lønsemd. Nødvendig tilleggsinformasjon vil bli innhenta ved bruk av spørjeskjema. Prosjektet skal i tillegg utvikle ein metode for å vurdere økonomiske effektar av ulike tiltak.  Prosjektet er eit samarbeid mellom NILF, Noregs Veterinærhøgskole, Geno og TINE Norske Meierier. Prosjektet vil ha stor praktisk nytteverdi. Det vil gje ny kunnskap som vil bli styrande for framtidig rådgjeving på norske mjølkeproduksjonsbruk og gje grunn lag for ein kostnadseffektiv og robust produksjon.

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Global expression of defence-related genes in Populus and transfer of knowledge to Norway spruce

Tildelt: kr 3,1 mill.

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