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Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

HESTEFORSK - Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Tenk på universet som en enorm ballong som alltid utvider seg. Jo lenger unna et punkt er på ballongen, jo raskere beveger det seg bort fra deg. Dette ligner på hvordan universet utvider seg, jo lenger unna en galakse er, jo raskere beveger den seg bort fra oss på jorden.

I mange år trodde forskerne at universets ekspansjon ble bremset. Begrunnelsen deres var at gravitasjonskraften fra all materie i universet virket mot denne utvidelsen. Imidlertid gjorde kosmologer i 1998 en overraskende oppdagelse gjennom studiet av fjerne supernovaer: utvidelsen av universet akselererer faktisk!

Dette betyr at avstanden mellom galaksene blir større og større i stadig økende hastighet. Det er som om ballongen blåses opp raskere og raskere.

Forskere vet ikke nøyaktig hva som får universet til å akselerere. De kaller den ukjente kraften som får dette til å skje "mørk energi". Mørk energi er overalt i universet, men den mørke energien vekselvirker ikke med materie i de formene som vi kan observere direkte.

NEVO-prosjektet er et nytt forsøk på å forstå egenskapene til mørk energi. NEVO vil bruke kraftige datamaskiner for å simulere universet og studere effekten av kandidater til den mørke energien på en måte som aldri har vært gjort før. Ved å studere disse simuleringene og utnytte høypresisjons-observasjonene fra Euclid-teleskopet som nylig er skutt opp i rommet, vil kosmologene være i stand til å bedre betydelig vår forståelse av den mørke energiens gåtefulle natur.

The Universe has entered an accelerating expansion phase in the last few billion years of its evolution, a phenomenon that is caused by the mysterious entity known as dark energy. Through the NEVO proposal, I aim to provide key insights about the properties of dark energy, which includes its time evolution and spatial distribution in the Universe. This objective will be achieved by utilizing cutting-edge cosmological N-body simulations and novel techniques to study cosmic EVOlution accurately.

A comprehensive understanding of the nature of dark energy requires a thorough investigation of viable candidates and their impact on different stages of the Universe. However, the consistent and accurate modeling of dark energy candidates has been largely neglected so far. To address this gap, I propose the development of a novel, integrated framework that utilizes state-of-the-art relativistic N-body simulations along with the hi_class code, to accurately model dark energy candidates in both linear and non-linear scales.

NEVO: illuminating the dark cosmos

Global natur- og miljøforvaltning er en av vår tids mest sentralt og vanskellige mål. Mange av utfordringene skyldes motsetningene mellom vår fragmenterte politiske verden og økosystemer som ikke forholder seg til landegrenser eller politiske skillelinjer.
Ulike biologiske samfunn (biomer) som ligger i én stat, kan ikke løsrives fra et større økosystem. Derfor er flere «lokale» naturområder blitt del av den globale miljøforvaltningen.
Prosjektet RESOLVING skal se på politiske løsninger for en naturforvaltning som både er:
(i) lokal: som del av en stats territorium og hjem til ulike befolkningsgrupper
(ii) global: som kritiske deler av planetens økosystem
Hva betyr denne forvaltningen på flere nivåer for staters suverenitet?
Vi vet allerede mye om utfordringene nasjonalt oppdelt myndighet utgjør for effektiv forvaltning av jordens økosystemer. Vi vet derimot langt mindre om hvordan forsøkene på å styre jordens komplekse og grenseløse økosystemer faktisk kan endre selve systemet som forsinker den globale forvaltningen: statlig suverenitet.
RESOLVING vil prøve å forstå denne dynamikken ved å undersøke gruppene som faktisk utøver internasjonal naturforvaltning på vegne av eller parallelt med statene. Prosjektet vil her se nærmere på styringen av to områder som er viktige for hele verden: Amazonas-regnskogen og Guineabukta.
RESOLVING undersøker hvordan tiltak for å ta vare på disse områdene – laget på både internasjonalt, nasjonalt og lokalt nivå – fungerer sammen. Hvilke aktører får mer makt? Hvem blir inkludert i beslutningsprosessene og hvem blir utelatt?

The RESOLVING project asks: How does global governance of nature transform the exercise of sovereign power? Scientific evidence of the environment as a complex system of planetary dimensions has elevated several natural resources as objects of global governance. Primary forests and maritime biomes particularly capture global attention because of their systemic relevance for our planetary ecosystem. Still, international politics operates within a framework locating authority over nature indivisibly into territorially discrete and independent states. This project investigates the implications for sovereignty stemming from the construction of nature as a global governance object. We build on existing conceptualizations of sovereignty as a combination of de jure sovereign authority and bundles of de facto sovereign competence. In the case of nature, while permanent sovereignty over natural resources is an immutable property of state authority, a wider range of actors can be involved in defining the ways in which these resources are governed or even in governing them. RESOLVING will focus on two parcels of local nature especially entangled in global governance: the Amazon rainforest and the Gulf of Guinea. The project will investigate how networks of actors work across levels of governance to produce sovereign competence and exert sovereign power over nature in these regions. Sovereign power is the capacity to achieve de facto sovereign competence, here identified as the capacity to define and implement the rules of human–nature interaction. We look at multilevel governance from three angles: the global, the state, and the local. The comparative analysis of those networks across levels, regions, and regimes complexes will allow for identifying the mechanisms driving the rebundling of sovereign power with or away from the state, and a better understanding of the consequences of that process.

Rebundling sovereignty over local nature in global governance

Midlene fra IS-BILAT-Mobilitet Norge-USA /Canada fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-BILAT-Mobilitet Norge-USA /Canada fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-BILAT-Mobilitet Norge-USA /Canada fordelt på fagområde

Professor

The central concern of my research project is how things relate to human beings and how they contribute to the collectives normally described as societies (or cultures). Drawing on different theoretical perspectives (specially actor-network-theory and phe nomenology), it aims at illuminating and explicating how materials (things, material structures, landscapes, etc) not only provide a context or frame for social action but constitute an indispensable and enabling part of that very action (and of social an d cultural life more generally).

In defence of things: steps towards a symmetrical archaeology

The proposed research project aims at testing whether tax revenue forecasts are systematically biased by political influences. We will use comprehensive panel data for 25 OECD countries for the period from 1996 to 2012.
From the existing literature, it is  well known that tax projections or revenue forecasts are systematically biased downwards in several states. Nevertheless, we observe large standard deviations of forecast errors, resulting in large overestimations in several years. These findings raise t he question, whether political events such as elections cause systematic biases in several years despite the fact that
on averge we observe an underestimation. 
Most of the existing studies deal with questions on accuracy, rationality or unbiasdness of re venue forecasts. In contrast, only a small amount of studies try to explain the bias and ask, whether political influences are the reason for biased revenue forecasts. From the field of political economy, several theoretical considerations can be used to  explain biases in revenue forecasts. These are, e.g., (i) electoral cycles, (ii) ideological effects or partisan cycles and (iii) political fragmentation. An international study which comprehensively examines political biases in revenue forecasts is still  missing. This project aims at filling this gap.

On the political economy of revenue forecasts - Evidence from OECD countries

With this application I seek support for my stay in Germany from the period 09.2013 to 09.2014. As a participant in the Double Degree collaboration between Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) and The University of Mannheim, I will spend one year studying  in Mannheim during the academic year 2013-2014. During my stay here in Mannheim I will complete 60ECTS.  

My goal with this year is to learn as much as possible about the German culture, its business life and doing business in Germany. I also seek to lea rn the German language and to challenge myself academically at one of Europe?s best business schools.  

The funding from the Ruhrgass Scholarship will allow me to focus on maximizing my cultural and academic experience. It would allow me to learn more ab out the German business life, and give me the opportunity to pursue an international career aimed towards the German-Norwegian business life. As part of my stay in Mannheim I will write my master thesis, and the funding from Ruhrgass would allow me to res earch more on the German-Norwegian business life in my thesis.

Double Degree between Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) and The University of Mannheim

I am applying for the Ruhrgas as a Master student enrolled in the exchange/double-degree program at NHH-Norwegian School of Economics and the University of Mannheim. I am applying both for the fall semester of 2013 and the spring semester of 2014. 

Upon  completion of this program I will receive two master degrees: NHH MSc. in Economics and Business Administration and Mannheim Master in Management. The two master degrees included in this program are ranked 46 and 14 respectively in the Financial Times' ra nking in "Master in Management 2012". The program consists of a major profile taken at NHH, a minor profile taken in Mannheim and a master thesis written for a chair at the University of Mannheim. Both schools accept this combination as equivalent to thei r ordinary master programs. This is a very selective program. Consequently, there are only three or four students at NHH attending this program each year.

My major in Financial Economics at NHH is considered as the major at the University of Mannheim. Th e classes I will attend at the University will be limited by mandatory courses in the Master in Management curriculum. I have taken some equivalent classes at NHH and will therefore attend only two mandatory classes: Decision Analysis and Business Economi cs 1. Furthermore, I will do three electives, attend one master thesis seminar, and write my master thesis in this academic year.

NHH-Mannheim Double-degree program for the academic year of 2013-2014

Exchange semester in the Master of Science programme of the Handelshøyskolen BI in Oslo

With my interest for international management, and my special affinity for different cultures, I pursue the goal of working for an internationally operating company. Experiencing different cultures is a crucial factor for managing future challenges in a m ulticultural world. Studying at BI Norwegian Business School  will give me highly valuable academic input in my field of interest and will be of personal benefit for a variety of reasons.

BI is internationally oriented and has an excellent reputation in  research.The Master of Science in Business is a program that offers a variety of specializations. The areas HRM, Strategy and International Business are a perfect complement to my studies at Bayreuth University. Especially the courses Emerging Economies -  China, Managing Workplace Diversity, Managing for Excellence-Generative Practices and Strategies for Industrial Competitiveness comply with my academic interests. The combination of the course Norwegian Culture and History - An Introduction as well as a  Norwegian language course will give me the unique opportunity to get an insight into Norwegian history, culture and society.

After I have experienced a rather capitalist country during my internship in the United States, I want to learn more about the No rwegian system. Norway has been ranked the best country to live in several times; one reason among others might be its modern welfare system. Norway has a high standard of living, a low unemployment rate and a unique public health system. The health syste m as well as the eductaion is accessible to all residents, independent of their social status.

During my semester at BI Norwegian Business School I want to learn more about the country and the culture, which will be beneficial for my personality and my f uture.

Exchange semester at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo

Application for the E.ON Ruhrgas personal mobility grant for the period of study at Universität Mannheim, fall 2013 - spring 2014

Exchange semester

Since autumn 2011 I am a student at the University of Mannheim, aiming a Bachelor o. Sc. in business administration, curr. 4th semester.
But why did I choose Norway and the Norges Handleshoyskole?
In order to give an answer, I have to reach back a little  bit. I was born in Romania but we moved to Germany in 1992. Nevertheless, we visit Romania every year and I got to grow up in a multicultural family. Ever since I am very interested in getting to know other cultures and countries. Unfortunately I have nev er visited northern Europe before which narrowed down my search for a stay abroad. 
Moreover, horseback riding is my passion. I love those adorable and very social animals. Besides this, the vastness of the raw or silent sea is what attracts me to the wor ld's various coasts. So, when I was looking for a university to study a semester abroad, I wanted to combine these two passions of mine. And then I found the Norges Handleshoyskole (NHH) in Bergen. Partly located on a cliff, with a view over Norway's popu lar Fjords. I am really looking forward to seeing Bergen during my 5th semester starting in August this year. 

But I didn't only choose Bergen/NHH because of its beautiful nature. Taking a closer look at the University itself, one can clearly see it's fo cus on business administration and economics. Having a broad spectrum of research activities and a well developed net of collaborating companies in this area one can get a very good insight into practical work issues and questions related to it when study ing at NHH. To deepen my knowledge I would like to take courses in managerial accounting and finance which are my favorite subjects. Additionally I would like to take courses in business ethics. In my view it is very important to have skills which help to  deal with ethical questions, especially in a globalizing world that seems to become more or less one big marketplace and thus a bazaar of different cultures, religions, languages and habits that one needs to manage

Taking a semester abroad in Norway - a thrill of anticipation and reasons why

The potential harmful effect on the accounting numbers of the provision of audit and non-audit services (NAS) to audit clients is perhaps the most debated auditing issues among policy makers, regulators, and the profession (European Commission 2010, 2011) .	
	The purpose of our study is to investigate whether auditor-provided NAS affect investors? perception of audit quality in the Germany. To investigate investors? perception of NAS we will examine the relation between stock prices or returns and the prov ision of NAS. When the value relevance of earnings (e.g., in terms of the earnings response coefficients; ERC) is negatively associated with the provision of NAS, this indicates that investors view NAS as inducing the provision of less relevant and reliab le earnings information. It also suggests that independence concerns dominate the benefits of knowledge spillover. 
	The limited prior research on investors' perceptions of NAS typically uses U.S. data. Investors? perceptions of NAS may be influenced by r egulations and oversight. The regulatory environment differs between Germany and the U.S. Thus, is interesting to investigate investors' perception of NAS in a German context.  
	Fee disclosure is mandatory in Germany since fiscal year 2005 and companies  are required to disclose audit fees and three categories of NAS fees. This will enable to examine perceptions across service category, extending prior research. We will use an earnings-return relation methodology with the ERC and several non-audit fee mea sures as our primary test variables. Our sample will consist of German listed firms that are a member of the CDAX index. 
	Our German-based study will add to the existing body of knowledge by reporting new evidence of how the regulatory environment affect s investors' perceptions of NAS. Such evidence will also be of value for German and European regulators decisions to protect audit quality in the capital market.

Earnings quality, Non-audit Services, and Investors' Perceptions: 
Empirical Evidence from Germany

My proposed research belongs to theoretical microeconomics and deals with mergers and their approval by Competition Authorities.

In my recent paper with Christian Wey, we analyzed the effect of merger remedies (i.e. divestitures of a merging firm's capit al) on merger outcomes in various settings. However, we assumed that the Competitive Authority has perfect information concerning the competitive effects of any proposed merger.

My prospective academic supervisor at NHH Bergen, Lars Sorgard, did compleme ntary work and analyzed the optimal merger policy in an incomplete information setting without remedies. 

I plan to combine certain features of those two settings to analyze remedies' effects on the optimal merger policy and on the Competition Authority' s information search in an incomplete information setting. 

If the Competition Authority is unaware of the merger's efficiency and its competitive effect, the remedy proposal may be used as a signaling device. Thus, the first part of my project will disc uss which merger outcomes are possible in an incomplete information setting.

Furthermore, introducing incomplete information evokes questions concerning the optimality of extreme options; that is, the antitrust authority's incentives for information acqu isition may be lower if remedies are introduced compared to a setting where mergers can either be cleared or blocked altogether. Moreover, in an incomplete information setting, the optimality of remedies may also depend on the institutional environment, w hich may be inquisitorial or adversial. 

Thus, the second part of my project will discuss how remedies affect the antitrust authority's information search in an incomplete information setting. Furthermore, I will investigate if these findings depend on t he institutional environment.

The Effects of Remedies on Merger Activity and Optimal Merger Policy under Incomplete Information

Three ideas will be investigated in this project. They are all based on a unique survey of micro level data from Statistics Norway (SSB), where monthly prices (and prices changes) are observed for several products produced by a sample of firms.  

The fir st issue is related to the existence and size of menu costs for prices. The method used for this is a structural approach, which means that one makes inference about parameters which are interpreted directly from a theoretical-economic optimization model.  Many of the existing approaches are based mostly on a set of assumptions that are difficult to verify. The model predictions with and without the estimated menu costs will be analysed.

Another issue is related to it to distinguish between the effects of  demand changes and changes in production costs, i.e. two different candidates for external sources price rigidities. For example, Loupius and Sevestre (2012) find that changes in input prices are the main factor behind the price changes to French industr y (see also Vermeulen et al. (2012) and Dhyne (2006)). With the detailed data on product prices, production costs and quantities it should be possible to learn more about what the main reason for the prices changes of firms' products are - demand shocks o r changes in factor prices.

One last question we want to analyse is temporal aggregation. Since Statistics Norway follows the same firms over several consecutive months, the data is a unique opportunity to see how temporal aggregation from the monthly fi gures to the annual ones affect the conclusions that we have drawn so far in the literature on price changes and menu- and adjustment costs, since these data only is based on annual price changes.

Price fluctuations, changes in demand, production costs and investments

I am Associate Professor at NHH and during the academic year 2013/2014 I am on leave from NHH. I have been invited to spend the entire year at the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn. See for the invitation letter in the attachment. I hereby ap ply for funding for the period of six months to cover additional costs that I have to cover in relation to the research visit to Germany, including housing and moving costs, and other travel costs. During this period I will work on comparative empirical r esearch on Norwegian and German data, and labour market topics with a focus on women in the labour market and family policy.
Project 1: Human capital and career progression within the firm 
Human capital is the key resource in knowledge-intensive economie s such as Germany and Norway. Understanding how to maintain and improve the human capital base through on-the-job training, among others, is hence a crucial task and continuing challenge for firms and governments.The overarching goal of our proposed resea rch project is to use the concept of task-specific skills to understand the role of human capital for careers and wage dynamics inside firms, gender differences in Norway and differences in career progression between the Norwegian and German labour market . 

Project 2: The cash-for-care reform and labour market effects
The introduction of cash-for care (Betreuungsgeld) makes parents eligible for benefits if they do not use public funded child care for the 1 to 2 (or 3) year old child. The CDU-CSU coalitio n in Germany has planned to introduce cash-for-care in Germany after the election. This policy was introduced in Norway in 1998 and in Finland. It is quite controversial with respect to benefits and costs, and this project contributes further evdience on  the evaluation of the labour market effects and effects on child outcomes.

Career progression, women in labour markets and policy

Application for the Ruhrgas personal mobility grant

The main objective of the academic work I plan to do at the Universität zu Köln is primarily to explore alternative energy possibilities in light of the long-run, global environmental issues such as global warming and scarcity of our fossil fuels - from a n economic perspective. 
I hope to add to the knowledge and skills I have already gained from working and studying internationally and I hope to share this knowledge with my classmates at NHH when I return, which will contribute to a more global experienc e during class discussions, seminars and workshops.
Beyond that, I do believe that my future employers will value my international exposure and a strong international network and subsequently I hope to contribute to real optimal environmental policy makin g and put forward economically feasible alternative energy solutions.

Exchange Semester at the Universität zu Köln in Germany.

I am studying abroad at university of Mannheim for one semester.

At University of Mannheim I will do courses that can prepare me for an international career. I want to do a course on trade within EU and see how they teach this in a country such as German y in comparison to the EØS country Norway. I would also like to do a course on German business culture, as well as global marketing and international entrepenourship courses. I hope this will broaden my perspectives on how they do it in Germany and how to  reach through and understand the cultural barriers that are present in the media and the rest of the business world. 

I am taking, and will continue to do some language courses and I will take some courses thought in German at the university, so that I  can improve my business vocabulary. I also live in WG with Germans to maximize my usage of the language.

The reason why I chose Mannheim is mainly due to their ranking as number one business school in Germany. I want to study at an academically good scho ol where I can challenge myself and feel achievement when I graduate with good results. I also hope to make connections to other highly qualified business students and potentially future work colleges.

Studying abroad at Univeristy of Mannheim
Spring 2013

The application refers to a scholarship during my exchange semester at the NHH Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen in the Spring Term 2013. Further details and explanations may be found in the attached project description/letter of motivation.

Exchange semester at NHH Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen - Spring Term 2013

I apply to get a uhrGas grant to visit Universtät Duisburg-Essen and Universität Karlsruhe during my sabbatical leave 2013 to conduct joint research with professors Alf Kimms, Rainer Leisten, Rüdiger Schultz and Stefan Nickel in th areas cooperative game  theory, energy market models and models for facility location and teritorial design

Visit to Universität Duisburg-Essen and UniverstätKarlsruhe

My project started in January 2013, when I took part in the Erasmus exchange offered by University of Heidelberg and University of Bergen at the Master of Science level. This exchange is important to reach my objective of becoming a researcher in the fiel ds of Finance. At University of Heidelberg I improved my general and analytical skills in advanced Economic subjects. I completed subjects such as Advanced Econometrics, Advanced Mathematics, Advanced Macroeconomics, Advanced Public Finance and several tu torials. My special interests lie in Finance, therefore the University of Bergen (in cooperation with the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)) is the ideal partner institute for me. I am enrolled in the courses Growth and Architecture of Financial Systems , Principles of Derivatives Pricing and Risk Management and Theory of Finance. Besides my interests in Finance, I also take the opportunity to get additional insight into Norway. That is why I am enrolled in Norwegian language course and in the course Cri tical perspectives on environment and development at the geographical institute. After my semester in Bergen I will start with my master dissertation at the University of Heidelberg in cooperation with the Centre for European Research in Mannheim. I am co nvinced that the Erasmus exchange is the perfect preparation for my master thesis and my future career.

Erasmus exchange to University of Bergen

I'm studying business economics at Humboldt-Universität Berlin and seek funding from the "E.On Ruhrgas Stipendienfonds" for an academic exchange at Norges Handelshøyskole Bergen. Attachments are provided in German.

Application E.On Ruhrgas Scholarship, Academic Exchange NHH Bergen

As a participant in a double degree program with the University of Mannheim and the Norges Handelshøyskole in Bergen I plan to spend the academic year 2012/2013 in Bergen in order to obtain two academic Master degrees from both universities. During my tim e at the Norges Handelshøyskole I will attend four classes within the Master of Economics and Business Administration program and in addition to that I will complete a Master thesis.

Study Visit at the Norges Handelshøyskole in Bergen

I am admitted to the double degree Masters programme between the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) and the University of Mannheim. This means I will finish my NHH MSc. in Economics and Business Administration in the academic year 2011/2012 and the go to  Mannheim to take a Mannheim Master in Management the academic year of 2012/2013. Therefore I am applying for the E.ON Ruhrgas-scholarship for my stay in Mannheim. 

You will find my personal statement and application letter in the attachments. 

Best reg ards, 

Henrik Johansen

Double degree programme Norwegian School of Economics and University of Mannheim

My project is to take part in a double degree program offered by University of Mannheim and NHH Bergen at the Master of Science level. I am enrolled in the second semester at University of Mannheim, where I follow the compulsory (analytical) core courses  of the Mannheim Master in Management program. I complete them with lectures in International Management, Entrepreneurship, Technology and Organization, Change Management, International Human Resources Management and Global Marketing. As I am very interest ed in the renewable energies industry, I will specialize during my second Master year at NHH Bergen in the Energy, Natural Resources and the Environment track of the MSc program in Economics and Business Administration. There, I am planning to take the le ctures Global Aspects of Climate Change and Ethical Challenges, Emission Markets and Environmental Accounting, Business Language in the Energy Sector and a seminar in the third semester. In the fourth and last semester, I will be writing my master thesis  at NHH. My participation in the double degree program should help me to get the academic education needed to start a career at a company that focuses on the topics of sustainability and energy supply.

University of Mannheim - NHH Bergen Double Degree Program (MSc in Management and MSc in Business Administration and Economics)

Eine ökonomische Analyse individueller Sprachrechte kann ihren Ausgangspunkt in der traditionellen Wohlfahrtstheorie (Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse) nehmen. Das Problem wird jedoch aus verschiedenen Gründen komplizierter als die naive Analyse zu erwarten läßt:
1.  Die Zahlungsbereitschaft (Nutzenwert) für das Recht, seine Sprache in einer gegebenen Domäne zu nutzen, kann vom Status der Sprache abhängig sein. Dieser Status ist jedoch zum Teil durch die Rechte, die die Sprache genießt, bestimmt. Das heißt, es gibt e inen Rückkopplungsmechanismus und verschiedene optimale Gleichgewichte sind möglich.
2. Die aggregierte Zahlungsbereitschaft für die Rechte einer (Minderheits-)Sprache wird durch die Zahl der Benutzer dieser Sprache beeinflußt. Langfristig wird diese Zahl  durch die Übertragung der Sprache zwischen Generationen bestimmt. Die Neigung der Eltern, die Sprache an ihre Kinder zu übertragen, kann auch vom Status der Sprache, der teilweise von den anerkannten Rechten determiniert ist, beeinflußt werden. Langfrist ig gibt es daher eine Pfadabhängigkeit und multiple Gleichgewichte in der Verbreitung der Sprachen einer Gesellschaft.
Diese Rückkopplung und resultierende soziale Evolution findet nicht nur bei Sprach- und Minderheitsrechten statt, sonder auch bezüglich  zum Beispiel Ausbildung.
Im Projekt werden die Dynamik und die (normativen) Eigenschaften dieser Prozesse untersucht.

Ökonomie und Sprache: Sprachrechte und Gesellschaftsdynamik

Please see the attached project description

Double Degree Program with Norges Handelshøyskole and University of Mannheim

Students who participate in the double degree programme gets an unique opportunity to obtain two degrees in four semesters. The first year is spent at Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) and the second year at a partner university. After completion of the  programme students will be awarded a degree certificate from both NHH and from another leading international business school.

Double Degree: Norwegian School of Economics and University of Mannheim - Business School

Institutions matter for a wide range of human decisions. With respect to voters turnout decisions, both the institutional design of the election (e.g., compulsory voting, electoral system, postal or Sunday voting) as well as that of the jurisdiction (e.g. , population size, preference distribution reflected in election closeness) have been shown to play a central role (for an overview, see Geys, 2006). Somewhat surprisingly, however, the institutional design of public good provision has thereby been neglec ted in both the economic and political literature. Still, revenue and expenditure autonomy of local government units varies both across and within countries, which is likely to affect individuals perceived net benefit of voting. Moreover, substantial inst itutional reforms, such as municipal amalgamations or separations, have occurred throughout Europe during the past decades, which is unlikely to leave voters? cost-benefit calculation with respect to their turnout decision unaffected.

In this project, we  analyse the presence of institutional effects on voter turnout that go beyond the effects of institutional design of the election and the jurisdiction (often constrained to a population-size related argumentation; see above), and thus provide a stepping  stone to a more comprehensive understanding of institutions in the context of political participation. To this end, we expand the standard rational voter theory by explicitly introducing the local institutional arrangements regarding public good provision . We thereby allow for institutional features to affect individuals? perceived probability of being "pivotal" (i.e., influencing the political outcome), which will affect their perceived net benefit of voting. Empirically, we take advantage of the variati on in institutional settings at the local level in Germany to identify the impact of diverse institutional arrangements on voter turnout.

Assessing the Impact of Local Political Institutions on Voter Turnout

The aim of this project idea is to analyze phase-in and phase-out criteria for radiation management (RM) implementation from an economic point of view. Together with carbon dioxide removal technological, RM technologies are summarized under the blanket te rm climate engineering which means the intentional large-scale manipulation of the Earth?s radiation balance for the purpose of mitigating anthropogenic climate change. In particular the RM technologies provide a distinct new option for the climate change  mitigation portfolio, involving many trade-offs and aspects which have so far not been analyzed. Currently, the most urgent questions address the issue of researching RM-technologies. Should we research those technologies at all and if yes, how should we  research those technologies in particular when it comes to field experiments? It is still an open question, if meaningful field test are possible and if at all already field experiments might be too chancy. Previous analysis indicated that problems might  be associated with interrupting RM implementation, once you have started using it. That means previous analysis has not yet investigated how RM implementation can be tested taking explicitly into account the issue of termination. Therefore this project a ims to address these questions by analyzing scenarios related to phasing-in (in particular for experimental testing of RM technologies) and phasing-out RM implementation (in particular for the case of unforeseen side-effects). Even though the field of cli mate engineering economics just starts developing, the project partners have experience in this field and are among the first authors which have analyzed certain economic aspects of climate engineering. Therefore, the project partners would like to meet i n Bergen to further discuss this project idea and to define the relevant scenarios.

Phase-in and Phase-out Criteria for Radiation Management
Implementation

The project will consider recent developments in auction theory.  Focus is on instances where the seller keeps a share in the item.

Recent issues in Auction Theory

The purpose of my visit to the WZB is to work on a paper on entry in markets dominated by a regulated firm, and also to use the opportunity to discuss this and other research ideas with people there, in particular Prof. Dorothea Kübler who has invited me  to visit.

IS-BILAT-Mobilitet Norge-USA /Canada

In defence of things: steps towards a symmetrical archaeology

Tildelt: kr 0,15 mill.

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IS-BILAT-Mobilitet Norge-USA /Canada

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