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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Midlene fra EU-DIVERSE-EU – Diverse poster fordelt på år

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Midlene fra EU-DIVERSE-EU – Diverse poster fordelt på fagområde

Seniorrådgiver

Thomas Myhrvold-Hanssen - nasjonal ekspert

Since the introduction in the 1950s, PFASs have been used extensively in broad commercial and industrial applications ranging from food-contact coatings and stain-repellants to firefighting foams due to their amphilicity and thermal stability.  It is these same properties that contribute to their global accumulation as environmental persistent contaminants.   In response, both the US EPA and leading PFAS manufactures voluntarily agreed eliminate the production of conventional PFAS. Novel and next-general PFAS alternatives have been then developed as the replacement for the conventional PFAS, which are: Short perfluorinated chain PFAS (<C7) and Perfluoroalkyl ethers –include conventional shorter perfluorinated segments linked by ether oxygen atoms; and/or replace some fluorine atoms by hydrogen or other halogen atoms (chlorine for example). 
However, there is little evidence to support the novel and next-general PFAS alternatives are more labile to environmental transformation and thus more environmentally acceptable. The PFAS that have been shown to degrade or transform to intermediate or terminal recalcitrant products do not degrade fully to their inorganic components or non-PFAS end products in the environment. The alternative chemistries and their subsequent transformation products may have the potential to bioaccumulate and be as, or more, toxic and persistent.  
Currently the PFAS transformation products are not well studied, most of bio-transformation products are unknow PFAS.  Further, there is current lack of reliable and representative sets of references materials. 
In  this Eurostars project proposal, Chiron and the partner The free University of Amsterdam will invetigate new methods of analysis the new PFAS and synthesize further reference materials, including metabolites and degradation products.

Development of reference standards for the identification and analysis of new generation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS)

Chiron AS is developing cutting-edge reference materials and lab standards, enabling a paradigm shift in environmental toxicology. Chiron's current objective is to develop a platform for CP CRMs, mainly targeting short- and medium- chain CPs. This will empower analysts worldwide to monitor and control the distribution and use of CPs. 
Chiron is the sole project applicant and will take the lead of the entire project.  Nonetheless, our R&D partners Free University of Amsterdam, Joint Research Centre (JRC, European Commission), Norwegian University for Science and Humanities (NTNU) and VU Amsterdam have been identified as potential collaborators for providing training and/or R&D facilities to enrich the diversity of the work plan. 

The biggest barrier for Chiron in establishing and participating in the SME Innovation Associate programme is our limited access to R&D expertise and facilities. We are a small R&D-centric team with limited in-house R&D facilities. Although this is our greatest challenge, we already have in place a successful partnership with multiple leading research institutions (e.g. Free University of Amsterdam, JRC), which have the cutting-edge facilities and CP-specific expertise required for this project. 

The Innovation Associate project is necessary for Chiron to initiate R&D activities within product development of Chiron technology. Currently, we do not possess in-house explicit expertise in CPs that are essential for this vision and therefore looking to recruit an Innovation Associate. Acquiring these skills is fundamental for Chiron to maintain competitive advantage over the coming years and will provide a major tailwind to the long-term innovation vision of our company - as we ambitiously target to become the world leading reference in CRMs.

GreenREF: Development of reference standards for the analysis of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

WP1: Project Management
JRC og VUA assisterte Chiron i WP1. Kommunikasjonen mellom partnerne foregikk via e-post og ved TEAMS-møter. Partnerne kommuniserte godt og hadde mye kontakt i denne perioden da produktene fra Chiron var en del av sertifiseringen ved JRC. Det var Ingen formelle prosjektmøter, men et formelt avslutningsseminar er planlagt i november/desember.

WP2: Utnyttelse og formidling
Det ble produsert tre produktblader som dekket 13C-CPs, native individuelle kongenere og enkeltkjede blandinger. Et postkort med QR-kode som sammenstiller de tilgjengelige ressursene ble produsert for distribusjon på konferanser og i produktforsendelser. En rabattkupong for 10 % rabatt på den første bestillingen av CPs ble opprettet som et kjøpsinitiativ. Et nytt konferansebanner ble opprettet for lanseringsarrangementet i Dioxin konferense. E-postbunntekster, nettsidebannere, programannonsering og sosiale innlegg ble laget for Dioxin. Chloffin-merkede penner ble bestilt for reklameformål.  4-punkts massasjeapparater i form av Chloffin-merkevaren ble bestilt som salgsfremmende gaver med slagordet "la Chloffin ta stresset ut av CP-analyse". En ny animasjon ble produsert basert på dette slagordet med tegneserie-ampullefigurer. Chloffin-nettstedet ble oppdatert med Chirons komplette CP-serie ved å bruke 3 generasjoner for å skille.  En presentasjon ble levert på BFR 2022; Ny generasjon referansestandarder for klorparafiner.

WP3: Spesifikasjoner og markedskrav
Arbeidet med markedskrav videreføres gjennom kundehenvendelser og ved å snakke med potensielle brukere. Spesielt har denne informasjonen vært relevant i utformingen av standarder for en interlaboratoriestudie (ILS) utført av JRC og for utformingen av nye 13C-merkede interne standarder.

WP4: Syntese av NPS referansemateriell
Til sammen siden forrige rapport (nr. 5) er følgende syntese oppnådd: 4 nye CP-kongenere; 8 13C-merkede CP-er; 13 enkeltkjede blandinger.
 Et patent på 13C-merkede CP-er følges opp og er under behandling. 
To vanlige kalibranter er laget og sertifisert, en for enkeltkongenere og en for enkeltkjedeblandinger

WP5: Metabolitt og aktivitetsidentifikasjon.
Arbeidet og rapport er ved Virje Universitet i  Amsterdam og JRC.

WP6: Sertifisering av referansematerialer
Sertifiseringen av de vanlige kalibrantene for sertifiseringen av fiske-CRM ble fullført. Videre er sertifiseringen av enkeltkomponenter pågående og er planlagt i desember 2022.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of thousands of isomers, produced in high volumes, and are used as plasticizers, flame retardants and metal working fluids. Production takes place at all continents and estimates of total global production are far over 2 million tons/yr, led by China (1.3 MT/year) and India (0.6 MT/yr, growing at 14-18%/yr). For a persistent compound, these are extreme volumes, e.g. total of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ever made worldwide is ca. 1.3 million ton.
CPs (short- and medium- chain) are classified as persistent and their physical properties imply a high potential for
bioaccumulation, with potential carcinogenic to humans according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). SCCPs are under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), they have been prohibited in the EU since 2012 (Regulation (EC)850/2004) – but, due to their persistence, CPs will be in the environment for decades.
The acceptance of SCCPs as POP was the longest process of all POPs due to lack of reliable analytical methods – a key driver for the CHLOFFIN project. Our goal is to develop a production platform for CPs certified reference materials, mainly targeting short- and medium- chain CPs, comprising:
1. New reference materials incl. pure native single standards, 13C labelled CPs as internal standards and matrix material certified;
2. New production process for synthesis to achieve high yields and purity, incl. synthesis of native and 13C-labelled SCCPs and MCCPs;
3. New analysis methods for native and stable isotope CPs;
4. New and robust analysis methods (process and protocol) for SCCPs and MCCPs.
CRMs and matrix material will be analysed, certified and will be tested for purity and relevance as standards. The main results will be the tested and certified reference materials, synthesis processes and matrix material CRMs, which will be applied and tested in environmental and food safety analysis.

E!113388 Development of reference standards for the analysis of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

Chloroparaffins are among the industrial chemical today of most highest environmental concern. It is produced in large amounts, are toxic and relatively little has been developped in term of analysis of these compounds. However, it is difficult to find researchers with the background and experience on the topic. Therefore, training is needed, and the proposed EID plan to compensate for that by tarining New PhD candidates.

Polychlorinated paraffins (CPs) is a class of industrial chemicals used in various high-temperature applications, for instance as lubricants and flame retardants. CPs have been produced industrially since the 1930s. There are no secure figures for the total global production but it is believed that the total production capacity exceeds several hundred thousand tons pr. year. CPs can be classified as Short  (SCCPs), Meldium (MCCPs) or Long Chained paraffines (LCCPs)

The SCCP are classified as carcinogenic while the MCCPs are suspected PBT (persistant, bioresistant, and toxic). The SCCPs have been prohibited by the POP regulation (Regulation (EC) 850/2004) in the EU since 2012.  Resent studies now show an increasing presence of the MCCPs, since these are not yet regulated. 
The CPs are very complex mixtures with variable chlorination degree. Cps are very complex mixes and the  analysis of CPs is both complicated and challenging. 
There are currently several groups working on improving the analysis techniques, and various approaches have been applied. As of today no reliable and easy method is known. Further, there is a current lack of reliable and representative sets of reference materials.

In this EID Project-proposal, Chiron and the partner The Free Unversity of Amsterdam will build on the CHLOFFIN Eurostars project results and appoint 3-4 new PhD students who will investigate new methods of analysis of CPs and synthesise further reference material, including metabolites and degradation products.

Assessment of analysis and synthesis routes for chloroparaffines (REVAMP)

Syntese av CP-kongenere er forbedret og prosessen er etablert for å lage rene individuelle CP-forbindelser. Syntesemetodene som er utviklet har blitt brukt for syntese av 13C-merkede CP-er. En patentsøknad for prosessen ble sendt inn i mars 2022.
En synteserute for å lage 13C-merket PFAS er fortsatt under utvikling, mer undersøkelser må gjøres for å utvikle en sikker og kostnadseffektiv måte for preparatet.
Kandidaten har jobbet med 3 artikler ved siden av patentsøknaden, den ene handler om NMR-teknikken for klorinnholdsanalyse som ble publisert på «Chemosphere»; den andre artikkelen handler om syntesen av rene CP-kongenere; den tredje rensingen og røntgenstrukturen til CP-stereoisomerer:
I. S. Valderhaug, H. Liu, A. Gorovoy, J. E. Johansen, O. R. Gautun Syntese av konstitusjonelt definerte klorparafiner som referansestandarder. Sendt til resultater i kjemi.
II. (patent) A. Gorovoy, H. Liu, J. Tuma, S. Valderhaug, Jonatan Nygren, J. E. Johansen 13C-merkede klorparafiner og deres fremstilling. Sendt til European Patent Office (Appl. No. EP22162109.7)
III. S. Valderhaug, N. Paškanová, J. Tuma, J. Herciková, V. Eigner, H. Liu, A. Gorovoy, J. E. Johansen, O. R. Gautun Syntese, identifikasjon, chiral separasjon og krystallstruktur av (3R,4R,7S, 8S)-3,4,7,8-tetraklordekan og dets stereoisomerer. Sendt til Journal of Molecular Structure
IV. S. Valderhaug, H. Liu, A. Gorovoy, J. E. Johansen, L. van Mourik, J. de Boer, O. R. Gautun Kjernemagnetisk resonans som et verktøy for å bestemme klorprosent av klorerte parafinblandinger. Chemosphere 308 136312 (2022)

Poly- / Per-halogenated substances are organic halogen compounds containing highly halogenated alkyl chain (poly-halogenated) or fully halogenated alkyl chain (per-halogenated).  The main goals of this project are to develop reference materials and internal standards for two tyeps of organic halogen compounds - polychlorinated alkanes also called chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs).

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a class of industrial chemicals used as high-temperature lubricants and as flame-retardant plasticizers in vinyl plastics. CPs are highly toxic to mammalians via bioaccumulation and are potential carcinogenic to humans. The project aims to develop certificated reference materials for short- and medium chained chlorinated paraffins, including pure native (unlabelled) single CPs as Reference standards, 13C-labelled CPs as internal standards, and new and robust analysis methods for fast and safe monitoring and quantification of CPs in complex matrixes in environmental analysis and environmental toxicology. 

Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) is a group of chemical substances that contain perfluoroalkyl chains. PFASs have strong surfactant properties and have been exploited in numerous applications due to the unique property and the stability of the carbon-fluorine bonds. PFASs are of great environmental concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification.  The project aims to develop synthesis method for stable isotop 13C-labelled PFASs as internal standards for safe monitoring and quantification of PFSAs in complex matrices, mainly targeting perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorinated alkyl sulfonic acids,  fluorinated telomer alcohols and related derivatives.  

The CPs and PFASs reference standards/internal standards developed will be tested and validated in various complex matrixes for environmental analysis.

Synthesis of stable isotope labelled poly-/per-halogenated alkanes as reference standards for environmental analysis

Polychlorinated paraffins (CPs) is a class of industrial chemicals used in various high-temperature applications, for instance as lubricants and flame retardants. CPs have been produced industrially since the 1930s. There are no secure figures for the total global production but it is believed that the total production capacity exceeds several hundred thousand tons pr. year. CPs can be classified as:
Chloroparaffins, C10-C13 (Short chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs
Chloroparaffins, C14-C17 (Medium chain chlorinated paraffins, MCCPs
Chloroparaffins, C18-C22 (Long chain chlorinated paraffins, LCCPs 
The SCCP are classified as carcinogenic while the MCCPs are suspected PBT (persistant, bioresistant, and toxic). The SCCPs have been prohibited by the POP regulation (Regulation (EC) 850/2004) in the EU since 2012. While the SCCPs still are detected in considerable quantities in environmental samples, resent studies now show an increasing presence of the MCCPs, since these are not yet regulated. 
The CPs are very complex mixtures, and each group contain numerous congeners with variable chain lengths and chlorination degree. Additionally several stereoisomers are possible for each congener. CPs from various industrially used processes, and from various suppliers give rice to different product mixes, which further complicate the analysis. Therefor the environmental analysis of CPs is both complicated and challenging. 
There are currently several groups working on improving the analysis techniques, and various approaches have been applied. As of today no reliable and easy method is known. Further, there is a current lack of reliable and representative sets of reference materials.
In this EUROSTARS project, CRMs for SCCPs and MCCPs will be developed. Pure native single standards as well as 13C-labelled CPs will be synthesized as internal standards for CPs monitoring and quantification.

Synthesis of stable and isotope labelled chloroparaffines as reference standards for enviromental analysis

NPS, kjent som designer drugs eller legal highs, entret narkotikamarkedet med en uforutsett hastighet rundt 2007-2008. Nye stoffer er kommet til hvert år, økende til over 100 nye stoff rapportert i 2014 og 2015. Antall nye stoffer har nå stablisert på et noe lavere nivå, men i stedet har utviklingen etter har gått mot stoffer som er enormt potente. Dette er syntetiske opiodlignende stoffer, og de kan være opptil 10 000 ganger mer potente enn morfin. Uhyre små mengder skal til for å oppnå effekt, og de blandes ofte ut med andre stoffer som overskygger dem i en normal kjemisk analyse.  Flere hundre overdosedødsfall er rapportert over hele verden, og kjente personer som Prince er blitt offer for denne type stoffer. For å holde tritt med utviklingen og for å hjelpe myndighetene, så er det nødvendig med kraftfulle analyseteknikker og rene standarder.
Til tross for at mange nye CRMs er blitt tilgjengelige for å overvåke og kontrollere utbredelsen og bruken av NPS så har mengden nye enda mer sofistikerte stoffer stadig økt. En av nøkkeldriverne i dette prosjektet er å videreutvikle «P4» strategien, gjennom en «Predictive Parallel Production Platform», å forutse nye stoffer som kommer og å finne løsninger på å lage et stort antall nye stoffer som vi kan forvente vil komme på markedet.
NPS detekteres normal i urin ved bruk av analytiske metoder som LC-MS/MS. Inntak bevises normalt ved analyse av metabolitter som dannes i kroppen. For å kunne gjøre dette så må analyttene identifiseres. Det andre målet med prosjektet er å lære mer om metabolismen til opiodlignende syntetiske stoffer.

Chiron arrangerte et internasjonalt seminar om i NPS i London i slutten av November 2018 sammen med den tyske hurtigtest produsenten Nal von Minden. 

Chiron Pharmasynth AS stod på listen over Gaselle-bedrifter i 2018 (dobling av omsetning og kun positive resultater de siste 4 år), mye takket være det positive salget av NPS.

FENTAFORIA - New Synthetic Opioid Psychoactive Substances

PAHs, or polyaromatic hyrdocarbon, are long known for their carinogenic Properties. The carcinogenic properties of these compounds is associated with specific structure elements, and the ultimate carcinogenic compounds are the epoxydiols which are formed by metabolism of the parent PAH-compounds.

PAHs will always be around, as they are the primary byproducts when organic matter is burned. PAHs are found in petroleum, exhaust from cars, in cigaret smode, oin burned or fries Food etc. There are strict control of PAHs in food, drinking water and in cometics.

PAHs are readily metabolized, and to analysis PAH exposure one need to analyze for metabolites. 

The analysis of the spcific compounds of high potency is therefore important and the aim of this projectReference materials and internal standards for the analysis and the analytical protocols ill be developped.

This Projects will aim to simpify this analysis and to develop kits that can be used for easy Control of PAH-exposure.

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