Kelp export: fuel for adjacent communities in changing arctic ecosystems?

TO BE DONE.

KELPEX has provided a wealth of new empirical and modeled data on kelp forests and the role of kelp detritus in fueling adjacent benthic communities. In the academic sector, KELPEX's results are being used by other ongoing research projects as baseline data for their investigations (e.g. NFR's KELPPRO, Blåttskog, NBFN). Internationally, KELPEX has established a strong network of kelp scientists (DK, AU, CA, UK). KELPEX has provided an excellent framework for a highly productive postdoctoral fellow, a component of a PhD thesis and 3 MSc projects. In the non-academic sector, KELPEX has produced data that are of importance to regional and national authorities working on the management of natural seascapes and resources. The results will also be important to better understand potential regime shifts in kelp forests driven by climate-change stressors, thus providing scientifically-robust data to inform the UN SDGs, such as SD14 (Life Below Water) and SDG13 (Climate Action).

Kelp forests are one of the most emblematic ecosystems in the world, forming complex systems that provide a major source of primary production and support rich and diverse communities. However, dramatic changes have occurred in Norwegian kelp forests in the last 4 decades, where about 2000 km2 have become barren under the overgrazing pressure of sea urchins. In the 1990s, a recovery of barren grounds started in mid-Norway and is moving northwards, driven by a decrease in grazing sea urchins. Up to 80% of the kelp production is exported to adjacent ecosystems, but the role played by kelp detritus in fuelling adjacent benthic communities is poorly understood. Quantifying this trophic relationship between kelp forests and benthic ecosystems is timely in northern Norway, where kelp forests both play a major ecological role and are experiencing major regime shifts. KELPEX is a multidisciplinary project integrating research in kelp forest, biodiversity, coastal and deep-sea ecology and modelling, to determine the role played by kelp export in shaping the structure (abundance, biodiversity) and function (trophic webs) of adjacent ecosystems. KELPEX will quantify experimentally kelp production and export (WP1) and the effect of kelp export will be assessed in shallow-water (WP2) and deep-sea (WP3) communities. We will integrate all results from the field and lab experiments into newly developed ecological models (WP4). KELPEX will take a bulk step forward to determine the role played by kelp export in fuelling adjacent habitats, including effects on benthic ecosystem services (e.g. sustaining commercially exploited species) and will develop a predictive tool from which to assess ecosystem change associated with kelp regime shifts. KELPEX results will thus provide robust scientific knowledge to support decision making and management of arctic ecosystems under different natural and climatic stressors, addressing Norway?s strategic priorities for the Arctic.