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Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Regulation of ABA production and cell wall viscoelasticity by the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism

Recent severe heatwaves and prolonged drought negatively affect agricultural crop fitness and biomass, threatening global food security. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance crop resilience against environmental stress to reduce crop loss. The cell wall is of key interest here due to its role as the primary barrier against environmental stress. However, improving crop tolerance via cell wall manipulation remains challenging due to plasticity, which determines the wall's ability to alter its shape, composition, and viscoelasticity (stiffness and viscosity). Plasticity seems to be modulated by the cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. A mechanism that continuously monitors the functional integrity of cell walls by utilizing a wide range of CWI sensors to sense damages in the cell wall and initiate wall remodeling. Any impairment in the CWI triggers adaptive responses, including the production of phytohormones. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the key phytohormones that regulate plant adaptive responses against abiotic stresses. Although the potential of the CWI maintenance mechanism modulating cell wall plasticity via ABA signaling has been proposed, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Therefore, investigating interactions between these processes may lead to the development of novel strategies to improve plant tolerance against abiotic stress. In this project, I will investigate the relationship between changes in ABA and cell wall viscoelasticity controlled by the CWI maintenance mechanism. I will also identify and characterize novel components of the CWI maintenance mechanism responsible for the induction of ABA production. Furthermore, the knowledge produced here will facilitate the identification of corresponding orthologs in commercial crops that can be used to develop strategies to improve crop performance.

Small4Good: Sustainable multifunctional management by small forest owners in support of bioeconomy, biodiversity and climate

The strategic objective of Small4Good is to enable and activate small-forest owners to safeguard biodiversity and enhance the provision of ecosystem services from Europe's forests through multifunctional and locally adapted management models that are financially supported by PES and implemented with support by of digital- and AI-based solutions. 

Snall4Good will develop multifunctional management and business models for owners of small forest financially enabled by schemes for PES with focus on biodiversity and carbon farming. The management models are supported by digital and AI solutions to improve the capacity and engagement of small-forests owners. To ensure the long-term impact the models must be aligned with the motivations of the individual owners and the local ecosystem and socioeconomic conditions. Hence, Small4Good focuses on understanding the motivations of small-forest owners and pursues the development of business and management models through a multi-actor living lab approach in four regions across Europe. This follows a co-creation approach that promotes rapid acceptability, prototyping, and implementation to outline realistic locally adapted pathways towards multifunctionality that are aligned with the ambitions outlined in the EU Forest Strategy. The lessons learned will be used to enable small-forest owners across Europe to enter the pathway towards sustainable and multifunctional management as a basis for a fair and inclusive transition towards the bioeconomy. 

Small4Good is aligned with the work programme by providing outcomes contributing to the policy goals of the European Green Deal including increasing the multifunctional role and resilience needs under climate change and contribution to halting and reversing biodiversity loss. This is achieved through better understanding of the motivations of small-forest owners, local small-scale management models based on implementation of carbon farming and PES. 


The Mission “A Soil Deal for Europe” aims to pioneer, showcase, and accelerate the transition to healthy soils by 2030, supporting the long-term commitments at European and global level within the Green Deal and Sustainable Development Goals.
Ultimately, the creation of 100 Living Labs (LLs) and Lighthouses (LHs) will accelerate the creation and uptake of solutions by land managers, showcase measurable increase in soil health, improved social capital and citizen awareness. 
SOILL – lead by ENoLL, the international association of certified LLs – aims to set up and run an effective, agile, transdisciplinary, capillary, open and fair one-stop-shop structure. This will coordinate, support, enlarge, and promote the network of 100 Soil Mission LLs and LLs, and ensure their co-created, user-centred, harmonized, reliable, impactful, replicable, and sustainable lead of the transition towards healthy soils across different settings, geographical and socio-economic contexts.
To facilitate this, the SOILL action plan has been designed to be agile and ready to adapt to the specific needs and requirements of LLs and LHs (applicant and established) as well of the different actors relevant in the different ecosystems and value chains. 
SOILL will support the production, exchange, and integration of knowledge to be transformed into specific and specialised skills for expanding practice, social capital, and policies. SOILL will help established LLs and LHs - as well as regional and national stakeholders seen as potential applicants - in building peer-to-peer relationships to ensure that best practices, guidance, knowledge, and lessons learnt are meaningfully shared and that they can learn from each other and scale up implementation of innovative approaches. Alongside, SOILL will start, facilitate, and coordinate the interaction of the network in the wider framework of the soil-related ecosystems, engaging all relevant stakeholders at national, European, and international level.

Support Structure for Soil Living Labs

Prokaryote proteomics at high temperature for single cells

A sustainable climate and an ecosystem-friendly economy demands novel ‘cell factories’, in which organisms convert renewable biomass into various biomaterials that would otherwise be derived from fossil fuels or (harsh) chemistry. Especially promising is the use of thermophilic bacteria and archaea that operate at high temperatures, as this can enable more efficient production processes. However, we currently know very little about the cellular protein machinery (or proteome) of thermophiles, which limits our ability to efficiently use them in cell factories. 

The PROHITS project therefore creates a network for nine doctoral candidates to develop mass spectrometry (MS) driven proteomics approaches to study the in vivo proteome of thermophiles, and to apply the obtained insights to cell factory development. The first aim is to perform proteomics on single prokaryotic cells using advanced microfluidics, MS instrumentation and data analysis, to observe how proteomes vary in individual cells. The second aim is to enable thermal proteome profiling approaches for thermophiles, to observe how their proteomes respond to temperature changes. The third aim is to apply the proteomics insights for predicting how in vivo proteins respond to high temperatures, and to create more detailed genome-scale models of thermophiles. This information is used to improve an existing cell factory that produces lipids for medicine encapsulation, and to expand knowledge of thermophiles that can be used as cell factories. 

To achieve this, PROHITS creates an integrated pipeline of experimental and computational approaches, built within a collaborative network of academics and industry. The doctoral candidates will obtain comprehensive and highly complementary skills, ranging from cutting-edge proteomics analysis, over data analysis and prediction, to systems biology approaches to optimize cell factories, which will enable them as future leaders of a thriving and forward-looking European bioeconomy.

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NTNU har mottatt en gave som i skal benyttes til forskning på kreft. Forskningen skal være på metoder for å oppdage og diagnostisere kreft ved anvendelse av nanoteknologi eller andre avanserte metoder.

Gave fra Terje Eugen Johnsen til NTNU - fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, forskning på kreft

Prosjektet har i lys av nyere internasjonal forskning villet utforske sykdomsbekjempelse og helseutvikling i norske byer i middelalderen  ved å undersøke om myndighetene hadde et aktivt forhold til helse- og miljøforholdene i det urbane nærmiljøet, og om ble gjennomført konkrete tiltak for å redusere sykdomsforekomst. Med Trondheim i perioden CE 1000-1600 som studieobjekt har prosjektet villet undersøke  a) hvilke smittsomme sykdommer opptrådte i urbane miljøer i middelalderen? b) om, og i så fall på hvilken måte, har sykdomsforekomst, klima, ernæringstilganger og migrasjon vært medvirkende til å endre synet på sykdom som et privat anliggende til å bli et offentlig ansvar i middelalderen? Tverrfaglig sammensatte arbeidsgrupper (WP) har samarbeidet om konkrete delproblemstillinger. WP 1: Fødevaretilgang og naturmiljø  undersøkte hvordan naturmiljø og klima kan ha påvirket byboernes helsesituasjon. Noen resultater: En undersøkelse av et utvalgt paleobotanisk materiale fra bygrunnen og høystatusmiljøet Erkebispegården i Trondheim  viste at foruten kornprodukter ble dietten i et betydelig omfang supplert med bær og nøtter. Importerte valnøtter har inngått både i erkebiskopen og i noen grad også i bybefolkningens kosthold. Fra Erkebispegården ble det påvist import av vindruer, pærer, valmue, koriander, fiken, moreller og valnøtter. En gjennomgang av skjeletter fra to middelalderkirkegårder viste skader på en del av skjelettene som følge av feilernæring og (periodevis?) lite føde. Dietten til «vanlige» folk i byen  besto bl.a. av (urene) kornprodukter og grønnsaker, men bidro i et visst omfang til mangel på jern/vitamin B9/B12. Til tross for at kostholdet har vært variert, ser det ut til at det i perioder ikke har vært tilstrekkelig i mengde, et resulat av klimaendringer med påfølgende uår og matmangel. Tidligere forskning har påvist at et vulkanutbrudd i Indonesia i 1258 endret de klimatiske forholdene globalt, bl.a. med sterkt nedsatt vekstlighet. Medheal600-prosjektet har kunnet påvise virkningene av  denne klimahistoriske hendelsen i årringkurvene i prøver av trevirke fra hus og trebrolegning i Trondheims streter og veiter, som viser at det i perioder har vært ugunstige klimatiske forhold for korndyrking i Midt-Norge: Det er identifisert generelt kjølige sommertemperaturer i sent 1200-tall, sent 1400-tall og årtiene rundt 1600. WP2: Vann, avfall og smittespredning, stilte spørsmål om hvilke smittespredende bakterier (pethiogener) som opptrdte i bymiljøet og hvor omfattende smittespredningen var. Noen resultaer: Prøver av over 100 skjelett fra 4 kirkegårder i middelalderens Trondheim gav skuffende bare en håndfull positive resultater: Det ble bare sikkert påvist 3 individer med leprainfeksjon, 2 individer er sikkert påvist med pestbakterien Yersinia pestis, mens 1individ har fått påvist smitte med Salmonella enterica, som gir en farlig variant av Tyfoid feber. Tilgang og kvalitet på vann ble undersøkt ved bl.a. å undersøke grunnvannskvalitet, brønndybder, bruk av sisterner og brønnteknologisk utvikling.  Det kunne ikke sikkert påvises noen direkte fysiske, offentlige tiltak til forbedring av vannkvaliteten i byen før en «publik» vannledning ble anlagt i 1777. Undersøkelser av drenering av overflatevann har så langt gjort det mulig å anta felles dreneringstiltak i deler av byen,  bl.a. er det påvist en dreneringsrenne som går gjennom eller langs grensene til en rekke eiendommer med betydelig kapasitet med hensyn til å kunne lede bort store mengder vann. DNA- og isotopanalyser har vist at den  langdistanse innflyttingen til Trondheim før pestutbruddet i 1349 og de påfølgende utbruddene  var betydelig redusert etter utbruddet. WP3: Etableringen av et offentlig helsestell som sosial praksis: En ny gjennomgang av skriftlig kildemateriale ble gjort for om mulig å kaste nytt lys over populasjonsutvikling, helse- og hygieneforhold. Noen resutater: Hypotesen om en stagnasjon i populasjonsveksten fra siste halvdel av 1200-tallet er blitt styrket, men den tidligere antatte dramatiske befolkningsnedgangen i det 14. og 15. årh på opp mot 70% må i betydelig grad nedskaleres. Det skriftlige kildematerialet vitner om  at sentrale bymyndigheter (konge/byråd) har bidratt aktivt til å regulere livet i byen på en måte som har fremmet en bedre helsemessig tilstand. Etter pandemiutbruddet i 1349 vokste det fram en forståelsen av at sykdomsutbrudd i byen ikke kunne legge til grunn Kirkens forklaring på sykdom og hvordan sykdom kunne bekjempes. Med utgangspunkt i en (fornyet?) tro på den antikke  miasmeteorien ble det i løpet av det 14. årh iverksatt smittereduserende tiltak i det offentlige byrommet som viste seg å redusere smittespredning. Dette førte til til holdningsendringer til hygiene som et smittreduserene tiltak. Denne holdningsendringen ble  ført videre inn i nyere tid, som introduserte en rekke nye fysiske og juridiske  praksier med hensyn til kollektiv adferd og renovasjon i byrommet.

MedHeal600´s hypothesis is that public health management derives from a number of specific practices to prevent diseases and  debility caused by the particular physical environment that constituted the medieval urbanscape and the dependence of the ecological conditions that surrounded the towns. From this follows some fundamental questions: 1) If the present public health policy in Norway are founded on the development of practices and environmental conditions in medieval urban communities, in which way influenced the ecology surrounding the towns the population´s health condition? 2) How did the frequency of infectious diseases vary in time and how did it relate to the urban environment? 3) If the public health evolved from individual health practices to the actions for public health, what factors caused this grund-breaking development? The overarching methodological principle is to compare the ecological surroundings and physical health-interventions visible in the built environment in medieval Trondheim with the development of health -, diet- and mobility. The basic information will be gathered from the collection of human bones/skeletons from medieval cemeteries in Trondheim. Biomolecular analysis is applied to identify the character and volume of infectious deceases in the urban population during the periode c. AD100-1600. To identify mobility genetic and infectious deceases DNA analysis is applied. To identify mobility and diet, isotope analysis is applied. The research is based on a interdiciplinary cooperation between a diverse set of scolarly competence and a multiple set of data, sources and methods. Knowledge of how health developed over time and in physical environments differ from present time will enhance the understanding of processes relevant for planning and implementing public health management in present low-resource urbanized areas.

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Gave fra Terje Eugen Johnsen til NTNU - fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, forskning på kreft

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