2005

2004

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Forskningssystemet

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Banebrytende forskning

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Samisk samfunn og kultur

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Demokrati og global utvikling

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Velferd og utdanning

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Helse

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Muliggjørende teknologier

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Innovasjon

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Klima, miljø og energi

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Samfunnstryggleik og beredskap

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Velferdstjenester

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Hav og kyst

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Høg kvalitet og tilgjengeleg

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Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

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Statistikk

Prosjektbanken presenterer statistikk og informasjon om prosjekter med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet fra 2004. Statistikken er fordelt på blant annet tema, år, geografi og organisasjon. Prosjektbanken gir også detaljert informasjon om de enkelte prosjektene.

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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Midlene fra CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering fordelt på år

Midlene fra CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering fordelt på fagområde

Forsker

A number of demonstration scale CO2 geological storage projects are currently planned in the West and Southwest United States as part of the Regional Partnerships for Carbon Sequestation organised by the Dept. of Energy in the USA. These demonstration pro jects are described in detail in the first attachment to this application. For more information see the website at http://fossil.energy.gov/programs/sequestration/partnerships/index.html.

DNV Research has been invited and accepted as a patner in two of t hese regions, the Southwest Partnership and the West Coast Partnership Both of these partnerships have held kick-off meetings in 4th quarter 2005 where DNV participated. DNV has been given the role as a reserach partner with the task of assessing long-ter m risks specific to CO2 geological storage with the objective of developing verification methodologies. These are key areas for DNV's ability to supply future CO2 geological storage projects with the required independent 3rd party verification services.

 Risk assessment of the long-term integrity of CO2 geological storage has only been performed on one other CO2 injection site in the world, namely at the Weyburn CO2 EOR site in Canada. Methodology and tools are therefore still in a very early stage of mat urity and require considerable additional development to meet the needs of stakeholders who are concerned about the long-term integrity of CO2 geological storage. DNV aims to become a trusted provider of quality control services of CO2 geological storage projects, particularly as related to requirements for 3rd party verification fro schemes fthat regulate and allow trade of emissions allocations, e.g. the Kyoto protocol, EU Emissions Trading Scheme, and several others. Developing such services requires c lose cooperation with demonstration projects that openly share their data and findings. The Carbon Sequestration Partnership program in the USA is one of the few such comprehensive programs.

Verification of CO2 Geological Storage in the UD DOE Regional Partnerships SOUTHWESTCARB and WESTCARB portfolios of demonstration projects

Functional genomics in the salmon Iouse by insertional mutagenesis and RNAi - samfinansiering med prosjekt 159356 (FUGE)
som følger opp

Norwegian Red cattle show genetic gain over the last decade in resistance towards mastitis, the most costly and common production disease world wide. The project is a collaborative project with US and Norwegian partners. We will genotype Norwegian bulls a nd analyse their DNA for mutations (SNP technology) in genes involved in/influencing the innate immune system. After progeny testing, both semiquantitative (Microarrays) and quantitative gene expression (MassArray) analysis will be performed in groups of animals with high and low disease resistance. Results will be used to identify important genes, gene networks and gene interactions influencing resistance. BoviBanks biobank will be used to validate the practical application of results as predictive infor mation/service in animal breeding and management. We are applying for a post doc to do genotyping and expressions analysis. The person will be able to work partly in the US/Canada during the 2 year period, and partly in CIGENE and in the commercialised bi obank BoviBank with state of the art technologies and emerging markets.

Identifying genes and biochemical pathways affecting disease resistance in Norwegian Cattle by functional genomics

Symposium for Bioprospektering

Bacteria respond to environmental changes by rapid and complicated regulation in the gene expression consisting of overlapping global regulatory networks and adaptive genetic programmes. We want to study stress responses using DNA microarrays in different  strains of S. aureus under conditions important for survival under conditions encountered during washing, disinfection and food processing in the food industry. TIGR (The Institute for Genomic Research, USA) has chosen MATFORSK for research on food- associated S. aureus and will provide free arrays and technical support. Considering the importance of the bacterium, little is known about the genes and the regulation of genes involved in the stress responses of clinical S. aureus, even less is known fo r food related strains. There is a large variability between different strains. S.aureus strains that have caused food borne outbreaks and clinical strains will be compared by genome hybridisations. Gene expression will be determined for S. aureus that ar e subjected to different stress conditions. Biofilms will be produced on stainless steel and genes involved in early biofilm formation investigated. Selected sets of genes will be subjected to more thorough time course studies. This project may lead to ne w approaches to combat S. aureus in food and clinical environments.

Stress responses in food related Staphylococcus aureus by functional genomics

Prosjektet er tredje trinn i arbeidet med å etablere kommersiell vevskulturproduksjon av gran- og fjelledelgrankloner for juletreproduksjon. I Europa er juletremarkedet dominert av Nordmannsedelgran, i USA av Fraser edelgran. Fjelledelgran har god holdbar het, form, farge og duft og antas å ha et stort potensial i Europa. Vi vil derfor fokusere på denne. Totalt brukes mellom 90 og 170 millioner planter i juletreindustrien i Europa og USA, verdien er trolig over 500 mill. NOK. For raskt å nå målet om kommer siell produksjon har vi etablert samarbeide med CellFor i Canada og IPST i USA. Førstnevnte produserer millioner av eliteplanter basert på somatisk embryogenese i flere bartrearter. Vi får tilgang til deres teknologi for storskaladrift og de får bruke vår e erfaringer fra fjelledelgran i Fraser edelgran. CellFor vil arbeide med oppskalering ved at norsk plantemateriale blir sendt til Canada for oppformering og tilbake for utplanting i større feltforsøk. IPST. og Skogforsk vil arbeide med å forbedre protoko ller og studier av embryo modning. Vi venter at prosjektet vil gi teknologi for storskala produksjon, planter i felt og dypere forståelse av embryogenesen.

Utvikling av oppskalerte metoder for masseformering av utvalgte juletresorter av fjelledelgran og Fraser edelgran.

Prosjektet retter seg mot bekjempelse av klumprot på korsblomstrede kulturplanter som utgjør en viktig del av norsk frilandsproduksjon av grønsaker. Ulike kålarter legger beslag på ca 40% av norsk grønnsaksareal, og har en førstehåndsverdi på 218 mill kro ner. I tillegg kommer produksjonen av oljefrø med førstehåndsverdi på 77 mill kroner.

Klumprot er den mest skadelige sykdommen i disse kulturene både her i landet og ellers i verden. Sykdommen forårsakes av soppen Plasmodiophora brassica som gir unormal cellevekst og svulstdannelse på røttene. Dette fører til redusert vann- og næringsopptak, som igjen medfører sterk avlingsreduksjon og dårlig kvalitet. Avlingstapet kan i enkelte tilfelle være opp til 100% og dette  medfører store økonomiske tap. 

Påvisn ing av klumprotsmitte er per i dag vanskelig fordi P. brassica er en obligat parasitt som vi ikke kan dyrke på kunstig medium. Slik situasjonen er i dag krever diagnosen omfattende planteforsøk (bioassay) som det tar minimum 6-8 uker før en ser resultaten e av. Målet med prosjektet er å utvikle og etablere en hurtigtest for påvisning av klumprotsmitte i småplanteproduksjon av korsblomstrede kulturplanter.

Nye metoder for påvisning og bekjempelse av klumprot i korsblomstrede kulturplanter

A high priority target in current vaccinology is the identification of adjuvants that promote stable induction of Th1 immunity but with minimal side effects. Unmethylated CpG oligodinucleotides (ODNs) within specific flanking bases (referred to as CpG mot if) are relatively abundant in bacterial DNA and are known to stimulate innate immune responses. CpG motif show promise as vaccine adjuvant in animal models, and studies by our group have shown that certain CpG motifs induce cytokine expression and stimul ate cell proliferation of Atlantic salmon leucocytes. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is one of the most threatening viral diseases in Norwegian aquaculture, and development of effective vaccines, as well as knowledge of protective mechanisms against this disease are important research issues to be addr essed. We have shown that particular CpG motifs induce protection against IPN virus. The aim of this project is to study efficacy of CpG motif as adjuvant for recombinant IPNV vaccines in Atlantic salmon, and to develop delivery system that enhances its i mmunostimulatory effects. Knowledge about the various processes explaining how the immune system becomes activated by the adjuvant will also be addressed.

CpG ODN as adjuvant in recombinant infectious pancreatic necrosis virus vaccines

Fatty acids (FA) have been shown to promote their own reduction and deposition mainly through activating key transcription factors (PPARs) that modulate lipid metabolism in mammals. PPARs control the transcription of several genes encoding key enzymes and  proteins involved in regulation of the  -oxidation pathway, as well as in differentiation and storage of fatty acids in the major metabolic tissues of liver, muscle and adipose tissue. The aim of this study is to elucidate how selective natural, as well as synthetic fatty acids, will affect key regulatory factors in lipid metabolism in swine, particularly in relation to development, accumulation and breakdown of lipids in muscle and adipose tissue. By increasing the basic understanding of how fatty acids regulate lipid metabolism and especially regulators of ?-oxidation and adipose tissue development, diets can hopefully be designed for optimal utilisation of lipid and muscle growth. Further, it is of crucial importance to understand how the dietary manipulations affect lipid metabolism, and thereby meat quality. This study also intends to investigate the use of swine as a model organism for human biomedical and nutrition research, particularly rela ted to the widespread use of PPAR agonist to treat cardiovascular disease.

Regulation of lipid metabolism by fatty acids in swine - a functional genomic approach

Summary The growth potential and survival of forest trees of the temperate zone is dependent on a close co-ordination of growth and dormancy with the temperature climate. The light climate plays an important role in regulating bud set before the winter, and tempe rature is known as an important determinant of dormancy release and bud break. There are indications that the temperature might also affect growth cessation, bud set and dormancy, but very little data on this is available. Such knowledge would be of prime  importance in understanding the evolution of climatic adaptation in forest trees and possibilities of trees to adapt to rapidly changing climatic conditions. The phytochrome pigment system appears to be the main daylength sensor. Recent data suggest that the phytochrome action might also be affected by temperature, but the nature of this interaction is unknown. The ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 protein (ABI3) has recently also been suggested to be involved in short day induced contr ol of bud set, but nothing is known about the effects of temperature-light climate interactions on its expression and action. In this project we aim at identifying molecular mechanisms involved in the climatic adaptation in forest trees by studying the effect of interactions between temperature and light climate. Specifically we aim at studying the effects on the phytochrome sys tem and its action, as well as effects on ABI3. Given their apparent roles in short day induced bud set and dormancy and suggestions that temperature might affect the phytochrome system and its action, these factors might provide a key to an improved unde rstanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the annual cycles of growth and dormancy.

Molecular mechanisms of climatic adaptation in forest trees

We show that it is possible to express heterologous protein epitopes as parts of endogeneous surface proteins in M. capsulatus.
M. cap. will be used as vehicle for antigen presentation and immunisation. We will characterise, using injection immunisation p rotocols in rabbit and fish, the immunogenic properties of M. cap. carrying various antigenes. Since M. cap. is approved for use in animal feed, immunization experiments including oral administration of M. cap. carrying the antigens will be performed to i nvestigate such constructs' activity as orally administered immunogens.
Fish will be used as experimental model for the planned oral immunisation experiments.
To optimise immunisation efficacy, we will study different outer membrane proteins of M. cap. to  identify the optimal protein vehicle for presentation of heterologous antigens on its surface.
A PCT application (PCT/NO02/00018) claiming the use of mopE as antigen carrier has been filed in Canada, EPO, Norway, and USA.
This project is an offspring of the SUP grant no. 140785/420, "GABI", which is the basis for the genome sequencing of M. cap. and the ongoing functional genomic/proteomic studies at UoB.

Development of recombinant oral vaccines using a bacterial carrier. Antigen expression in M. capsulatus.

The actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in plant cell morphogenesis. Polar cell growth is dependent on targeted delivery of plasma membrane and cell wall components along actin filaments. Trichomes, large leaf epidermal cells, is an attractive system to study the role of microtubules and actin filaments during cell development. The distorted group of Arabidopsis trichome mutants displays an abnormal organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and will be studied as a part of the analyses of the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation. The Rho/Rac family of small GTPases has become acknowledged as vital players in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. We have cloned the complete AtRAC gene family in Arabidopsis. Promoter studies indicate that AtRAC10 is specifically expressed during trichome development. We have also identified two of the DISTORTED genes as encoding potentially RAC-interacting proteins involved in regulation of actin polymerisation. The project aims to dissect the role of AtRAC10 and other AtRAC GTPases in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, using Arabidopsis trichomes as a model system. We will investigate the potential interaction between AtRAC10 and target proteins employing dif ferent approaches. We also want to study the mechanism of AtRAC-mediated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, using a combination of classical genetic, molecular biology and functional genomics tools.

Studies of RAC GTPase-regulated organisation of the actin cytoskeleton, using the Arabidopsis trichome as a model system

Project summary:  Recently we succeeded in identifying key regulatory genes controlling aleurone cell fate specification and development in cereal endosperm using maize as a model species. By building on these results, the proposed project aims at understanding the genetic  and molecular mechanisms underlying aleurone cell fate specification in cereal endosperm with the goal of providing tools for improving the quality of cereal crops. The project will focus on two main areas; 1) Molecular characterization of endosperm and aleurone cell development in barley. Among the cereals, barley is unique in that the endosperm consistently  contains three layers of aleurone cells, thus barley represents a valuable natural resource for understanding the control of aleurone cell specification. This will be carried out by isolating and characterizing the barley orthologs of the genes known to be crucial for this process in maize , phenotypic and genetic characterization of the barley mutant B5 that is affected in aleurone cell fate specification, as well as expression profiling of barley endosperm by Affymetrix-technology. 2) Analyses of the b iochemical and cell biological mechanisms of aleurone cell development using Arabidopsis as model species. This will be carried out by expressing constructs containing different domains of the DEK1 protein in transgenic Arabidopsis to

Functional studies of key regulatory genes in cell fate specification of aleurone cells with application to cereal breeding

Summary  Abscission, the process that enables plants to shed organs after they have served their function, is very important in agriculture and horticulture.  Harvest quality and quantity is dependent on control of abscission of seeds (cereals and oil seed rape), fruits and berries (fruit production) and flowers (ornamentals). Fundamental research is required to obtain a better knowledge and understanding of this physiological process, and this will ultimately provide the growers in agriculture and horticulture wi th:  - the advantage of producing quality crops with less input of chemicals, - an environmental friendly greenhouse production by improved postharvest quality.  The project will generate relevant knowledge from fundamental studies combined with a practical problem-solving approach related to post harvest quality in floriculture without using chemicals. Arabidopsis thaliana and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) w ill be used as model plants. Floral abscission mutants of Arabidopsis, and the affected genes, as well as gene constructs designed to investigate and manipulate abscission in poinsettia will be employed. An important goal is to educate Post.docs. The proj ect is a collaboration between the University of Oslo (UiO), The Agricultural University of Norway (NLH), John Innes Centre (JIC), Norwich, UK and the University of Madison (UoM), Wisconsin, USA.

Elucidation of mechanisms of abscission using the model plant Arabidopsis and the ornamental plant poinsettia

We have developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria (Helgason et al 2003). This group, which includes B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. weihenstephanensis, and B. anthracis, is known to be very diverse and is of great pathogenic as well as industrial importance.

The method has a high resolution but still detects clonal lineages. It gives a great overview of the population structure and is an excellent tool for studying the population structure and epidemio logy of the B. cereus group.

This proposal aims to further development of MLST (with partners) to investigate the population structure of the B.cereus-group and to detect isolates of industrial and medical importance.


Population studies of important industrial contaminator B. cereus using multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-continued work

This project aims to determine the function of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in fish as a factor in testis determination, development, and maturation at puberty. AMH, also named Müllerian inhibiting substance or spermatogenesis preventing substance, belong s to the transforming growth factor-ß family. In mammals, AMH is secreted from testicular Sertoli cells. In the foetus it directs Müllerian duct regression and controls spermatogenesis by suppression of Leydig cells until puberty and may be associated wit h precocious puberty . AMH is present in fish, where it has been shown to block spermatogenesis at a very early stage by preventing the differentiation of rapidly proliferating spermatogonia. We hypothesise that AMH suppresses the expression and/or activi ty of the receptor responsible for mediating the effects of 11-ketotestosterone.

Function of Anti-Müllerian hormone in fish testis development and maturation to puberty

Microbial problems and diseases have been a restricting factor for thedevelopment of a predictable and sustainable farming industry based on fish and shellfish. Probiotics are promising agents in controlling microbial problems in intensive farming of fish  and other animals. However, so far this strategy has not been very successful in aquaculture, which is in contrast to e.g. the poultry industry. This may be due to a clear bias in the strategy for selection of probiotic candidates in aquaculture. This project aims at development of more efficient probiotics for cod larvae. This will be achieved by development of high throughput methods for screening and characterization of probiotic candidates.  The application of automated methods will make it possible to include a larger number of strains and screening criteria than previously done. Although developed for use on cod larvae, the methods will be generally applicable for probiotics intended for u se in other animals and humans. The project will last for 3 years, and is a collaboration project between SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture and SINTEF Applied Chemistry.

A new strategy for screening of probiotic bacteria, applied on cod larvae

In Norway and several other countries there has been a significant increase in potato blackleg disease during the last years.  Potato blackleg is an important certifiable disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (Eca). Currently , there are no reliable chemical or biological methods to combat the disease once it has established itself in a crop. Furthermore, latent infections are common and difficult to detect. Finally, outbreak of the disease in an infected field is unpredictabl e, because the factors that trigger the outbreak are unknown. This project aims at identifying genes, gene products, and regulatory mechanisms that are potentially related to Eca pathogenicity. Differential display will be used to identify (unknown) bacterial genes that are expressed during infection and outbreak of the disease. In addition, genome-mining will be used to select specif ic genes (enzymes, regulatory mechanisms) for further studies. We will use GFP-labeled strains to study growth of Eca in planta as well as the expression of selected genes during disease development. The results will provide a knowledge basis for developm ent of new diagnostic tools and new strategies for disease management.

Host-pathogen interactions: The molecular mechanism of potato infection by Erwinia caratovora

Abstract  The main goal of this project is to increase knowledge of environmental impact and gene expression in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua through generation and analysis of genetic data. Stress genes in a number of tissues of fish exposed to waterborne pollutan ts and dietary undesirables and supplements, will be sequenced as Expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Single gene expression and patterns in gene expression will be analysed by quantitative real-time PCR and microarray, respectively. The project operates as collaboration between several researches groups that work on various aspects of stress in fish. As soon as the nucleotide sequences of stress genes are determined, the knowledge will be implemented  in current and proposed research project to elucidate gene regulation in cod. Knowledge gained by this project will be of high importance for the establishment of a successful cod aquaculture industry, providing valuable tools in assessing normal status and early signs of adverse fish health, as well as in establishing the Atlantic cod as the central biomonitoring fish species in marine ecosystems in Norwegian waters.

Stress genes in the Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua: EST sequencing and microarray production

Nye bioteknologiske metoder for konservering av spermier

In previous projects, we have described several opportunistic pathogens causing mortality of scallops (Pecten maximus) larvae, and described the pathology and key aspects of the microbial ecology associated with proliferation of opportunistic pathogens or  potentially beneficial bacteria in production systems for scallop larvae.  New methods for administration or probionts and the elimination of harmful bacteria from inlet water will be applied in a full scale production system. Beneficial bacteria will be  produced and added via a biofilm or biofilter system.  The development of the microbial community is monitored qualitatively by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis in order to provide “genetic fingerprints” of the total bacterial community in t he water and associated with the larvae. Also, protocols for quantitative Real-Time PCR will be developed and applied in order to provide information of the quantitative abundance and activity of certain bacterial species, including both opportunistic pat hogens and potential probionts.

MICROBIAL CONTROL IN A SCALLOPS HATCHERY: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS

One of the key elements in successful aquaculture production is the health and quality of farmed fish. Determining the health of cultured fish currently employs measurement techniques, which are often both time-consuming and costly. In addition, the major ity of these techniques are destructive and can lead to increased stress for the remaining fish stock. The science of proteomics is a rapidly evolving discipline originally developed for use in human health to detect protein profile changes associated wit h disease. The principle behind this technique has potential for use in a number of applications including aquaculture, and successful development would provide a non-destructive, rapid and cost effective means of determining health status changes in fish  stocks. The aim of the proposed project is to build on preliminary research findings and optimise methodology to fully evaluate the potential of the method. The utility of the technique will be assessed by analysing serum and skin mucous samples taken fr om fish subjected to various treatments including diet manipulation and introduction of nutraceuticals and comparing protein profiles with samples from control fish.

Proteomics as state-of-the-art methodology to assess fish health.

Begrensninger i effektiv testing for algetoksiner er det viktigste hinder for en videre utvikling av global omsetning av skjellmat. Dagens metoder er tungvinte, kostbare og lite tilgjengelige. 
Biosense har på markedet en antistoff basert test for amnesit oksiner(ASP). Vårt mål er å utvikle et komplett batteri med biologiske algetoksintester for alle giftgrupper. Antistoffbaserte løsninger vil ikke altid kunne påvise alle formene av toksinet. De kan også påvise analoger og metabolitter av toksinet som ikke  er toksiske, altså gi falske negative eller falske positive resultater. Ved bruk av toksinreseptorer kan disse begrensninger elimineres. Tester for påvisning av paralyserende toksiner (PSP) og diaretoksiner (DSP) vil fordre reseptorbaserte løsninger. En utvikling av reseptorbaserte assay basert på rekombinante proteiner kan tilpasses et brukervennlig mikroplateformat som er etterspurt på markedet, samtidig som de samme grunnkomponentene enkelt kan tilpasses en biosensor/chipbasert plattform for multiplex  analyse i fremtiden.
Prosjektet vil ta fram grunnkomponentene som fordres i slike rekombinante løsninger og muliggjøre utvikling produkter markedet nå etterspør.

Skjelltest 3

Kryokonservering av sæd er en bioteknologi som er mye brukt i husdyrnæringen i Norge. Både når det gjelder produksjon, distribusjon og praktisk anvendelse har kryokonservering klare fortrinn framfor andre konserveringsmåter. Bruk av kryokonservert sæd gir stor fleksibilitet i avlsarbeidet. Videre er kryokonservering også et uvurderlig redskap for bevaring av genetisk mang fold innen en bestemt art. Oppdrett av torsk er i ferd med å etableres som ny næring innen havbruk, og kryokonservering av spermier vil utvilsomt medføre store fordeler, både når det gjelder bærekraftig avlsarbeid, bevaring av genetisk mangfold og innen kommer sialisering av næringen. Dersom man i tillegg blir i stand til å kryokonservere egg og embryo hos torsk, vil det åpne for nye muligheter i forhold til avlsarbeid og bevaring av genetisk mangfold. Kryokonservering av spermier, egg og embryo fra torsk er et treårig brukerstyrt samarbeidsprosjekt som samler tverrfaglig kompetanse i Norge når det gjelder reproduksjonsfysiologi hos fisk og kryokonservering av kjønnsceller fra pattedyr og fisk. Team Semin, Aqua Gen, GENO og Troms Marin Yngel representerer næringslivet, mens Norges fiskerihøgskole i Tromsø og professor Watson (London) står for det akademiske miljøet. Kombinasjon av en seniorforsker og en doktorgradsstipendiat skal både sørge for raske resultater og sikre rekruttering innen fagområdet.

Kryokonservering av spermier, egg og embryo for bærekraftig genetisk utvikling hos atlantisk torsk i oppdrett

The major goal of this project will be to identify gene and proteins related to the signal system of the fish immune system. Based on this we will develop methods to monitor the individual steps of the cascade following immune stimulation by various antig ens. The methods will be used to map the signal network of the fish immune system. As fish species we will focus upon Atlantie halibut and especially the response to viral infections (VER, IPN). The ultimate goal is to acquire knowledge making it possible  to design, at a molecular level, vaccines with improved effects against viral diseases

Cytokines and cellular immune components related to antiviral defence mechanisms in Atlantic halibut

Selskapet Cantion i København har utviklet en biochip med mikrometer store bommer (cantilevers) som er svært sensitive ovenfor reaksjoner som finner sted på cantilever overflaten. Ved å immobilisere antistoffer på cantilever overflaten vil en dermed kunne  detektere binding mellom antistoff og de spesifikke forbindelser som antistoffet binder. Biosense AS i Bergen har fremskaffet spesifikke antistoff/reseptorer mot algetoksiner som ASP og DSP, og biomarkørene vitellogenin og zonaradiata for hormonhermende forbindelser.  Til biochipen er det videre utviklet en håndholt data enhet (Palm) hvor data kan behandles. I dette prosjektet vil vi utvikle en prototyp for portable skjelltoksikologiske tester, og en prototyp for deteksjon av vitellogenin og zonaradiata i fisk, basert på Cantions teknologi og Biosense's antistoff/reseptorer. Dagens analysemetoder for deteksjon av algetoksiner i skjellvev og biomarkører i fisk er basert på tyngre laboratoriums utstyr som LC-MS og ELISA teknikker. Ved å utvikle et håndholt  analyseverktøy som er enkelt i bruk, billig og gir hurtige analyse resultater ? vil denne type analyse bli tilgjengelig for en helt ny brukergruppe som f.eks. skjelldyrkere.

Utvikling av prototyp for portable miljøtoksikologiske tester -  basert på biochip teknologi

Bedriften ønsker å utvide produktspekteret av forskningsenzymer med nye, forbedrede varianter. Dette skal gjøres ved modifisering av enzymene på gen-nivå (protein engineering), hvor studier av proteinstruktur skal danne grunnlaget for en rasjonell modifis ering for å oppnå endrede egenskaper med enzymene

Modifisering av forskningsverktøy-enzymer ved hjelp av protein engineering

Bioassay for dioksin-screening av fisk og fiskeoljer basert på reseptorteknologi

The present proposal present a strategy to characterise genes co-regulated with vitellogenin in the salmon louse. By using a rnicroarray-based strategy, a large number ofexpressed genes can be screened and those that are regulated similar to vitellogenin can subsequently be identified and further characterised. This characterisation will involve full-length sequencing, molecular phylogeny aud in situ hybridisation to identify where in the lice transcription occurs. Results from this project will provide n ovel knowledge regarding the reproduction in female salmon louse that may be important in controlling the parasite in the future.



Molecular characterisation of the egg production in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

OBS !!!Genetic traceability system "Gen Track" - samfinansiering med Havbruk (149833), som har oppfølgingen

Cultivation of scallop has received much attention due to the increasing demand for high quality products at the European rnarket. The highly favourable growth condition for scallop along the Norwegian coastline gives a unique opportunity to become the le ading nation within scallop production. In this project a molecular approach is described for studying environmental and genetic growth regulation of the main edible part, the adductor muscle, of the great scallop (Pecten maximus). Temperature is a critic al factor influencing scallop grow and thus the success of scallop cultivation. Endogeneous regulatory factors known to be involved in muscle growth regulation in vertebrates will be cioned from scallop striated muscle and their expression paftems determined using quantitative PCR and in situ hybri disation. The Iownstream consequences of growth in terms of fibre recruitment and hypertrophy and connective tissue remodelling will be quantified. We will test the hypothesis that the temperature regime during the veliger larval stage can influence muscl e growth following metamorphosis and seftlement via effects on the number and behaviour of myogenic progenitor cells. rhe potential for applying this basic information will be assessed in conjuntion with industry partners.

CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering

Verification of CO2 Geological Storage in the UD DOE Regional Partnerships SOUTHWESTCARB and WESTCARB portfolios of demonstration projects

Tildelt: kr 4,5 mill.

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CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering

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