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Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Locating Intergenerational Ties, rematriating late-19th-century unpublished photographs of Sámi Women and Children

Employing a decolonial approach inspired by critical museology and Indigenous studies, LIT aims to initiate a visual restitution/rematriation process fostering attention to Sámi people’s experiences during colonial encounters, and to illuminate individual life-stories of women and children photographed by Italian anthropologists Mantegazza and Sommier between 1879 and 1886. It wishes to generate dialogical knowledge of unpublished visual/written materials, enabling Sámi communities of interest to gain access to these scholars’ photographs. In complex socio-historical Indigenous/settler contexts such as Sápmi (the Sámi homeland), Sámi people’s control over their own heritage has proved essential to processes of cultural and ethnopolitical self-determination. Part of the Sámi visual heritage consists of photographs taken - often through mild violence and coercion - by academics engaged in physical anthropological practices involving Sámi individuals of all ages and genders. The resulting academic and divulgative publications circulated in Europe for decades, shaping and reinforcing stereotypes of Sámi peoples and cultures. Photos taken in colonial encounters by late-19th/early-20th century scholars to visualize Sámi people’s supposed biological-cultural inferiority (until a few decades ago inaccessible to the Sámi) have become important means of decolonization and empowerment through art and activism. The visual restitution of such photographs is of the utmost importance not only from a cultural heritage perspective but is also considered by Sámi institutions and individuals as an urgent necessity. LIT proposes an innovative approach based on the co-construction of knowledge and with a gender dimension. I shall reconstruct life stories of women and children photographed by Italian ethnologists, locating their descendants and returning their photographs to their communities. LIT would benefit my career, making me a leading researcher in Sami Studies and museology.

CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

POWERING ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO DRIVE THE CLIMATE TRANSITION

PACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together in sustainable ways. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.
Therefore, PACESETTERS will set out to:
-Create knowledge from collaborative research to keep pace with the transition
-Propose and test creative business models to set the pace of the transition
-Assess strategies of valorisation to push the pace of the transition
 
This approach will identify and analyse advanced practices that run transversally across the cultural and creative sectors; contextualise the outcomes of co-research in real-world laboratories for social imagination; further develop and promote the preliminary results of experiments in iterative support and evaluation frames. The PACESETTERS approach centres on inclusion, participation and iteration in order ensure that gender equity and diversity inform it at every step and on every level.

The result will be a critical evaluation and all-encompassing demonstration of the actual potentials of the CCIs to drive the climate transition while systematically analysing their impact on micro-, meso- and macro-level:
-Understanding the climate transition as a triple transition: green, digital and inclusive
-Innovating aPACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.

Smart and Sustainable Host UniverCities: leveraging city-university interactions to further the twin green and digital transition

SUNSET aims to develop innovative research and training capacity around city-university interactions driving the EU’s green and digital transition. This twin transition is a defining element of the current EU policy agenda towards achieving climate neutrality and sustainable growth. The European Commission considers cities to be frontrunners in this transition agenda, but their transformational capacity and resilience crucially depends on the presence of agile and high-performing urban innovation ecosystems. SUNSET brings together (1) prominent researchers working in diverse geographical and disciplinary settings at leading universities (N=6) with (2) partners (N=16) from city governments (often participating in the Cities Mission to achieve climate neutrality by 2030), innovation companies, research institutes and civil society organizations to analyze and foster the performance of these urban innovation ecosystems: drawing on a purposeful range of interdisciplinary, international, and intersectoral exchanges, the Doctoral Network will investigate whether and how universities can successfully become key drivers of the twin transition in cities via their role as innovation partners, the implementation of campus living labs, and as architects of decision-making in governance ecosystems. Through a tailored combination of network-wide training events and academic and non-academic secondments, the SUNSET Doctoral Network will train a new generation of researchers to become future urban innovation ecosystem leaders in the pursuit of the twin green and digital transition. The findings will lead to practical guidelines regarding the design and implementation of living labs for university and city management, tailored strategies to foster more inclusive and diverse urban ecosystems, and diverse forms of scientific outreach and dissemination.

Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


EXPRESS 2 SPECIFY AND PROTECT THE EU SOCIAL CONTRACT (EXPRESS2)

EXPRESS2 is a project that addresses from a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and cross-sectional perspective, the growing demand for a new, more democratic, inclusive, and sustainable social contract in the EU. To achieve this, the project will work to create a more appealing and legitimate EU social contract draft that will be submitted to inhabitants, Member States and EU institutions that will have the possibility to participate and decide upon the conditions, rights, and obligations to be binding. The goal is to strengthen the EU agreement of association by promoting social dialogue, civic engagement, and integration. An express draft shall be achieved by means of policy dialogue, campaign implementation, collaborative workshops, advocacy planning, and innovative offline and online formats and tools to create spaces for dialogue. To this end, EXPRESS2 will involve EU policymakers and institutions throughout the project to obtain a more appealing and legitimate EU social contract draft. 
The project will also focus on identifying and analyzing disruptive elements of the social contract, such as insecurity, populism, climate change, mistrust in institutions, gender discrimination, digitalisation and pandemics. The analysis of these stressors includes both individualised and cross-sectional approaches to cover the plausible relation of multiple disruptors, their concatenation or the “trigger” effect of a disruptive phenomenon to another. By understanding these disruptive elements and their effects on the social contract, the project will propose concrete measures to ironclad the social contract and it will provide relevant information to protect it from actual and potential disruptions thus we conceive social contracts as incomplete theorised agreements and living documents. In addition to academic, policy, and socio-economic outcomes, EXPRESS2 will propose recommendations to strengthen the social contract's resilience and capacity for further development.


Mapping of Longitudinal data of Inequalities in Education

The MapIE project aims to identify mechanisms causing educational inequalities and policies or interventions compensating for them. We do a systematic review of how these have been studied internationally using longitudinal designs. We map existing longitudinal data that we describe in a public metadata database, and we analyse them to describe the mechanisms of inequalities and to identify effective policies and interventions in different local contexts. We focus on the contextual differences between the Nordic and Central European countries that have structurally different education systems. Within national contexts and using comparative research designs, we look at system-, regional- and school-level policies and practices and individual-level factors (e.g. socioeconomic status, immigrant background, gender, special educational needs) that are associated with the development of educational inequalities and the successful prevention of achievement gaps. We publish and disseminate the empirical results of the project through multiple channels to scientific audiences, policy makers and the wider public. At the end, we create a public framework for studying educational inequalities longitudinally in future studies, acknowledging the role of local contexts but aiming for comparability at the European level. 

We implement the project in seven work packages. Our consortium consists of internationally acknowledged experts in large-scale educational assessment research from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Hungary and Luxembourg/Germany. The partners have a long-standing history of collaboration with each other, European researchers, and national and international education policy makers, and they bring extensive longitudinal datasets to the project. The project will considerably strengthen the knowledge base of what shapes educational outcomes over time, how to best support the learning of all students and how to reduce education inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

Contextualized pathways to reduce housing inequalities in the green and digital transition.

The project Reducing housing inequalities in the green and digital transition (ReHousIn) is committed to better understand the impacts of recent crises on housing inequalities across different European regions, especially with regard to the implementation of the green transition launched by the EU. The overall aim is to explore the mechanisms affecting the (re)production of housing inequalities under recent crisis conditions, and the impacts of the EU induced green transition in different national contexts and along different degrees of urbanisation. Based on a contextualized and comparative understanding of the mechanisms (re)producing housing inequalities, ReHousIn inquiries into multi-level pathways and inclusive local housing initiatives to spark innovative EU, national and local policy solutions towards inclusionary and quality housing, mitigating the possible negative impacts of the EU induced green transition. It conducts a comparative, multi-level analysis in 9 European countries – Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom – focusing on attractive metropolitan regions, middle-sized cities and rural areas by means of a mixed-method project design. A quantitative data analysis on recent trends in housing inequalities and their relation to crises across different levels of urbanization will provide the framework for 27 local cases studies in which the impact of multi-level trajectories of housing-system, welfare regimes and environmental policy instrumentations on the (re)production of local housing inequalities and the emergence of inclusive housing initiatives are analyzed. Based on this, ReHousIn compares mechanisms of differentiation feeding into policy labs, aiming to formulate recommendations on how to tackle negative social externalities related the EU green transition at EU, national and local levels.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på år

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på fagområde

Førsteamanuensis

Efficient Production of Fuels from Biomass (EPFB)
The current proposal is a sub part of the proposal, “Efficient Production of Fuels from
Biomass”, which makes use of an interdisciplinary approach developing optimised processes
to new, biomass-based synth etic fuels in order to reducing the dependency from fossil energy.
The long-term goal is to identify an optimal combination of fuel components and their
industrial production processes which is based on renewable raw materials and new chemical
techniques.  The project is geared towards finding innovative solutions for the systematic
transformation of the main components of plant material (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin)
into value-enhanced products specifically for fuels and fuel components. As an alt ernative to
fermentation of glucose to ethanol, glucose can be converted to sorbitol by metal catalysed
hydrogenation. Sorbitol has been identified as a H2 source for fuel cells and the production of
C5-C6 hydrocarbons.5-7 Sugar alcohols are also a potent ial raw-material for other lowmolecular
weight platform chemicals. The use of hydrolytic enzymes in conversion of
cellulose into glucose is assumed to play an important role in future production processes, due
to the expected cost profile and environmenta l issues. This sub-proposal deals with the
combined use of enzymes and metal catalysis for the conversion of lignocellulosic materials
into sorbitol and other sugar alcohols.

N-INNER efficient production of fuels from biomass

Dette prosjektet går ut på å undersøke atomkjernens struktur ved eksitasjonsenergier som
er relevante for astrofysiske prosesser, spesielt dannelsen av de grunnstoffene som er
tyngre enn jern. Slike tunge grunnstoff dannes ved langsom nøytroninnfangning i stjerner
(s-prosessen), ved rask nøytroninnfangning i eksplosive stellare miljøer (r-prosessen), og ved
(rask) protoninnfangning eller fotodisintegrering i forskjellige typer supernova-eksplosjoner (pr- og
p-prosessen).

Det har vist seg at atomkjernens egenskaper, slik som antall kvantemekaniske energinivåer og
gamma-henfallssannsynligheten av disse, betyr svært mye for hvilke grunnstoff som produseres
og hvor mye som lages av hvert slag. Problemet er at disse egenskapene i mange tilfeller er lite
kjent, og man har anvendt modeller som har vært lite testet eller ikke testet i det hele tatt på mange
kjerner, rett og slett fordi man har manglet data i det relevante energiområdet for astrofysiske
prosesser.

Dette prosjektet har allerede bidratt til å belyse dette for flere kjerner i ulike masse områder,
fra den tunge atomkjernen 233Th (PRC 85, 034607 (2012) og akseptert for publisering
in Physical Review Letters) til den lette 44Ti (PRC 85, 014320 (2012)). Thorium er svært
interessant for r-prosessen, fordi slike tunge kjerner kan kun dannes via denne prosessen,
og i tillegg er de radioaktive men med en svært lang levetid (232Th har en halveringstid
på 14 milliarder år, omtrent det samme som Universets alder). Mengden av uran-238 og
thorium-232 i metallfattige halo-stjerner er derfor blitt brukt som "kjernekronometere" for å
bestemme Universets alder. Når det gjelder titan-44, har det lenge vært kjent at mengden av
produsert 44Ti i supernovaeksplosjoner avhenger sterkt av typen supernova, og de komplekse
eksplosjonsbetingelsene. I tillegg har det vært store usikkerheter knyttet til denne atomkjernens
egenskaper hed høye energier. Vårt arbeid og de nye dataene fra vårt eksperiment har vist
viktigheten av å bruke modeller for energinivåene og gammahenfallssannsynligheten som
samsvarer -- hvis ikke, får man svært dårlig overensstemmelse med våre data.

One of the most challenging topics within nuclear astrophysics today is the description of the observed element abundances in our solar system and the Universe.  The reaction mechanisms that are called for to describe the stellar nucleosynthesis include r apid proton/neutron capture, slow neutron capture, and photodisintegration. However, as of today, the scientific community is far from having a complete picture of the nucleosynthesis. One reason for this is that the astrophysical site for the rapid neutr on capture process is still not firmly established; another is due to the wealth of required nuclear information. For a reaction network calculation on the nucleosynthesis involving about 2000 nuclei, more than 20 000 cross sections for the relevant nucle ar reactions are necessary as input. 

Because it is practically impossible to measure all these quantities experimentally, one has to rely on theoretical models for many nuclei. Naturally, the goal is then to get the models as precise and reliable as pos sible, and with a strong predictive power.  The general approach to achieve this is to compare these models to existing data, and refine them and/or develop new theories and models in order to get the best possible understanding of the nuclear ingredients . The current project deals with these issues specifically. 

Two indispensable quantities that enter the reaction codes are the nuclear level density and the gamma-ray strength function. The level density is a measure of the accessible quantum levels of  an atomic nucleus for a given excitation energy, while the gamma-ray strength function gives information on the average electromagnetic decay properties of the nucleus. The main objective of this project is to investigate how observed structures in the le vel density and gamma-ray strength function of nuclei relevant for the nucleosynthesis will influence on the capture cross sections, the capture reaction rates and consequently the estimated abundance patterns.

Nuclear structure studies relevant for astrophysics

Institut Mittag-Leffler, IML, is a Nordic center for research in the mathematical sciences. Since many years the institute enjoys economic support from all Nordic countries. Mostly from Sweden, as is natural given its geographical location, but also from  Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway. 

The research programs conducted at IML offer Nordic mathematicians the opportunity to spend a period of time (minimum one month) at the Institute doing research under optimal circumstances, in the company of, and of ten in direct collaboration with, the internationally leading scientists in their respective fields. The postdoctoral training of young Nordic mathematicians is an important goal for the Institute. We want to be able to offer 10 postdoctoral fellowships o n good terms, in addition to circa 19 senior research fellowships.

The project for which we seek support is 

the funding of 2 senior research fellowships and 2 postdoctoral fellowships.

Institut Mittag-Leffler has a very active participation from Norwe gian mathematicians. The requested funding will go to cover Norwegian participation at roughly the present level.

The Institute currently enjoys the support of RCN with 300.000 NOK/year during 2009-2013 (project number 103797/V30). There have been discus sions to increase the contributions to IML from all Nordic countries, most recently at the NOS-N meeting May 6 in Helsinki. The current application should be seen in that light and as being part of that effort.

Mittag-Leffler Fellowship Project

Iryna Kulagina har publisert en artikkel i Physical Review B, hvor hun viser at flere kvanteeffekter opptrer i systemer som kombinerer magnetiske og superledende materialer. Hun har vist at det er mulig å bruke spinn superstrømmer til å manipulere magnetiske momenter, som har potensiell anvendelse i kryogenisk spintronikk. Hun har også vist at en sentral effekt i spintronikk kjent som magnetiseringssvitsjing har en superledende analogi og at den kan kontrolleres av et svakt ytre magnetisk felt. I tillegg har hun klart å løse et komplisert analytisk problem og utledet et uttrykk for superstrømmen i et system som fremviser høyst anomal oppførsel, bl.a. en endelig spinn og ladningsstrøm ved null superledende faseforskjell. Kulagina har også sendt et manuskript til Physical Reeview hvor hun viser at domene vegg bevegelse er mulig i multiferroiske systemer. Hun har vist hvordan bevegelsen kan kontrolleres via en spenning og til og med induseres via spinn-bølger. Til slutt har hun publisert et tredje manuskript i det prestisjetunge tidsskriftet Nature Scientific Reports hvor hun viser at det er mulig å lage en spinn strøm uten motstand ved å bruke en enkelt homogen ferromagnet. Dette er et banebrytende resultat siden det så langt har blitt antatt at magnetiske inhomogeniteter er et nødvendig krav for å skape slike strømmer. 

Peder Galteland har studert faseoverganger i multikomponent Bose-Einstein kondensater med og uten rotasjon. Fokuset har vært på effekten av å variere styrken på vekselvirkningen mellom atomene i systemet og hvordan dette bestemmer grunntilstanden i systemet, samt å kartlegge samspillet mellom grunntilstanden og spinn-bane kobling. Sistnevnte har viktige egenskaper med tanke på å muliggjøre ikke-homogene grunntilstander. Nytten av å studere slike fenomener i Bose-Einstein kondensater er at det muliggjør en realisering av multi-komponent superfluider under ekstreme forhold, hinsides hva som kan studeres i vanlige kondenserte medier. Vårt hovedfunn er at a) sterk interkomponent vekselvirkning leder til fase-separasjon i kondensater som ikke roterer, b) vorteks-striper dannes i disse systemene under rotasjon som en direkte konsekvens av vekselvirkningene, hvilket i sin tur fører til nye typer smelte-overganger samt c) at effekten av spinn-bane kobling er undertrykket av interkomponent vekselvirkningen. Vi forventer at disse resultatene også vil ha konsekvenser for fermioniske systemer, samt for anvendelsen av f.eks. spinn-bane koblede sterkt korrelerte systemer i spintronikk.

Applications related to the synthesis of electricity and magnetism are currently being actively pursued at the nanometer scale. The topics included in this research proposal mainly revolve around quantum mechanical effects related to transport of charge a nd spin of electrons, which is the source for most forms of electricity and magnetism. The study of charge- and spin-transport in systems
where multiple symmetries are broken also offers an important arena for research in terms of fundamental physics. We  shall calculate fundamental properties of hybrid structures comprised of materials where magnetism, spin-orbit coupling, and/or superconductivity are present, with the objective to reveal possible
ways of controlling charge- and spin-currents in a well-de fined manner by external control parameters. This will be done both in the context of graphene, iron-pnictide superconductors, topological insulators, superconductor - ferromagnet structures, as well as transition metal ferromagnets. We shall also conside r magnetization dynamics for non-trivial magnetic textures in traditional ferromagnets as well as in graphene. The overarching theme in the project proposal is to illuminate the subtle
interplay between different types of emergent or broken symmetries whe n they appear simultaneously in condensed matter systems.

Spin-and charge flow in hybrid structures of unconventional superconductors and other novel materials

Main objective of the project is the developing of geometry and analysis on non-holonomic manifolds with non-degenerate metrics in cooperation between the theoretical studies and applications in geometric numerical analysis and optimal control theory. The refore the project is presented from four groups working in these areas. Mostly groups are leaded by women. The main coordinator is I.Markina, prof. at Math.Dept. UiB, (geometry and analysis); the cooperators are A.Zanna Munthe-Kaas, prof. at the Math. De pt., UiB, (geometric numerical analysis and computational quantum physics); E.Celledoni, as. prof. at Math. Dept., NTNU, Trondheim(geometric numerical integration and numerical optimization on manifolds), and R Kozlov, as. prof. at the Dept. of Finance an d Management Sci, NHH, Bergen (symmetry applications to differential and discrete equations). The research team consists of 8 senior and approximately 15 juniors including Ph.D and post-doc fellows. The senior members are experts in various fields of anal ysis, geometry, and numerical methods. At the same time, the team has been working actively and effectively on the study of non-holonomic manifolds, which is confirmed by a bulk of publications (see the attached description). The team has more than 230 pu blished scientific papers, 3 books and a number of graduated master and Ph.D students. Iit is supposed close collaboration with 4 internationally recognized leading specialists in analysis, control theory and robotic systems.

Project incorporates a recru itment of 2 Ph.D./post-doc fellowships, which will attract young researches and entails cooperation between senior and junior. High activity of the participants in the international networks will help to the dissemination of results, incorporation of juni ors into professional activities and reinforcement of national and international cooperation. Large women component of the project team will pursue better gender balance. The project is planned for 4 years.

Analysis and geometry on non-holonomic manifolds with non-degenerate metrics

High dimensional regression modelling, where the number of covariates p is much larger than the number of samples n, is one of the most active research areas in statistics, as such situations frequently appear in many different areas, including molecular  biology. When p>>n, classical statistics fails, and new penalised methods are available which exploit sparsity, as for example the lasso. In terms of variable selection, these methods are not stable and in certain contexts, suffer from lack of robustness  and overfitting. In this project we will develop new more robust variants of adaptive penalised methods. Our approach is to strengthen and guide the variable selection procedure in two directions: (i) integrating into the analysis additonal informative so urces of data, tilting the penalisation to be coherent to both data sets, and (ii) leaving the linear models and developing semi-parametric approaches extending our method of parametrically guided non-parametric regression to the p>>n setting. Overfitting  typically appears in multi-step procedures, where covariates are pre-selected using fast and simple (univariate) methods first, and penalisation is then performed on a reduced number of variables. We will develop new methods to correct for pre-selection  bias.  The new methods will be tested on high throughput genomic data like gene expressions, copy numbers, SNPs, etc. with collaborators in cancer genomics. Integration of data is one of the key challenges in system biology, and this project will propose  new statistical tools for data integration. We hope that our approach will turn useful in identifying new genes and gene-environment interactions that play a role in the progression and therapy of ovarian and cervix cancer.

Adaptive penalisation for p>>n sparse problems

Vann i flytende og fast form holdes sammen av hydrogenbindinger. Når et stoff løses i vann brytes noen av disse, samtidig med at disse vannmolekylene ordner seg rundt molekylene av det oppløste stoffet. Gjennom dette prosjektet har vi undersøkt denne prosessen. I stedet for å studere vandige løsninger, har vi studert klynger (klaser) av vannmolekyler. Slike klynger (nanodråper) består av et lite antall vannmolekyler, (H2O)n, det antallet n ligger mellom 1 og 1000, og klyngene er velegnete modeller av vandige løsninger når vi samtidig legger til ett molekyl av det løste stoffet (M), slik at klyngen får den kjemiske formelen M(H2O)n. Vi bestemmer den geometriske strukturen av slike klynger ved hjelp av massespektrometri, fotoelektronspektroskopi og kvantekjemiske beregninger.  Vannklyngene framstilles enten ved dispergering (ved at en vandig løsning sprayes gjennom et tynt kapillærrør) eller ved adiabatisk ekspansjon av en gassblanding. De eksperimentelle undersøkelsen skjer i et vakuumkammer. Alkoholer (ROH) danner i likhet med vann hydrogenbindinger, og alkoholklynger, M(ROH)n,  tilsvarer alkoholiske løsninger på nano-nivå.

Ved å undersøke effekten av å gradvis addere ett og ett løsningsmolekyl til molekyler av det løste stoffet, vil forstår vi sammenhengen mellom molekylenes egenskaper i vakuum og deres egenskaper i løsning. I prosjektet har vi stilt og besvart følgende spørsmål:
	Hvilken geometrisk struktur har klyngene?
	Befinner molekyler av løst stoff seg inne i klyngen eller på overflaten?
	Hvilke forhold bestemmer hvor hurtig protoner migrerer i vann og i vannklynger?
	Hvordan påvirker solvatisering kjemisk reaktivitet?
	Hvordan påvirker ytre forhold (trykk temperatur, gasshastighet) klyngedannelse?
	Hvordan kan vi utvikle nye målemetoder for studier av klynger?

Prosjektet har resultert i 16 publikasjoner i fagtidsskrifter, lønnet to stipendiater (ph.d. og postdoktor), ledet til omfattende internasjonalt samarbeid, og ikke minst gitt viktige svar på grunnleggende vitenskapelige spørsmål med relevans for teknologi, atmosfærens kjemi og klimamessige forhold.

Water-based clusters are elusive objects that play important roles in natural processes and particularly in the atmosphere. Moreover, as our understanding of the structure of the most important of all liquids, water, is still in the making, so is even mor e a fundamental understanding of water as a solvent of ions, molecules and protolytes. In this context, clusters may provide useful stepping stones, by allowing for a gradual transition from the molecule to a micrometer-sized drop. Equally convenient; it  opens for investigations by gas-phase experimental techniques. This project adopts the very powerful approach of subjecting similar or even the same cluster systems to both local probing, by means of inner-shell electron spectroscopy (XPS), and to size-di fferentiated reactivity probing, by means of mass spectrometry (MS). The final trait of the project is the application of large-scale quantum chemical and dynamical modeling, in order to (i) obtain independent structural information of the present cluster  systems, (ii) provide reaction enthalpies for evaporative process, to be compared to results from MS, and , most extensively, (iii) for accurate simulation of core-level spectra, thus significantly enhancing the interpretation of the experimental spectra  by obtaining structural and stability information about the clusters to be studied experimentally. The project benefits from expertise in MS- and XPS-probing of molecular clusters that has been built up over the past decade in Oslo and Bergen, in additio n to a large research network.

While the present project is planned in terms of instrumentation existing  locally in Oslo and at the MAX-II synchrotron laboratory in Lund, we are preparing to build a new instrument with a mass spectrometric front end whi ch will make it possible to store and size-select clusters prior to spectroscopic measurement. If successful, this platform will allow for close scrutiny of critical questions that are bound to accompany the results

Nano-solvation in Hydrogen-Bonded Clusters

I dette prosjektet studerer vi eksperimentelt og numerisk oppsprekking av materialer. Vi har et spesielt fokus på hvordan vi skal forstå varmeavgivelse ved oppsprekking og hvordan temperatureffekter innvirker på sprekkdynamikken. Vi benytter blant annet et infrarødt kamera hvor vi kan måle direkte temperaturfordelingen ved sprekkdannelse. Fra dette kan vi beregne hvor stor del av den totale energien som går med til varmeproduksjon. I andre eksperimenter og simuleringer har vi studert hvordan mikro sprekker foran bruddfronten utvikler seg . Ved å bruke et super hurtig kamera kan vi måle de lokale hastighetsfluktuasjonene til bruddfronten i et transparent materiale. De lokale hastighetene viser seg å følge fordelinger som ikke er normal fordelt men er såkalte stabile Levi fordelinger. Vi har videre studert i detalj  strukturen  til de lokale hastighetsutbruddene  både  eksperimentelt og  numerisk (publisert nylig  i Nature com). I prosjektet har vi også studert sprekkdannelser numerisk for porøse og granulære materialer ved gass og væskeinjeksjon.

This project concerns the study of the dynamics and heat dissipation of an in-plane fracture front propagating in a transparent PMMA sample. The main goal of the project is to study in a systematic way, both experimentally and theoretically, mode 1 fractu re propagation along the weak interface between two sintered Plexiglas plates.  We will study forced propagation with a constant deflection velocity of one of the plates and   thermal creep with zero deflection velocity of the plate. We will use a waiting  time matrix method, and an ultra fast image recording technique, to study the detailed velocity fluctuations of the front. The front propagation will be characterized by fast moving de-pinning regimes with corresponding   velocity avalanches, and of low  velocity pinning lines. The project will consist of three subprojects.  In the first project we will study the heat dissipation measured by an infrared camera.  In these experiments, the non deflected Plexiglas plate will be exchanged by a NaCl plate whic h is transparent to infrared light.  The heat dissipation will be compared with the pinning and de-pinning dynamics of the contact line.  In the second subproject we will study the local and global dynamics in the thermal creep regime. Our hypothesis is t hat the creep is activated thermally and following Arrhenius law.  Preliminary results are consistent with this hypothesis, but more experiments are needed to be conclusive.   In the third project we will study fracture propagation in a soft laponite gel.   In this system we can measure both the inplane and the out of plane roughness of the fracture.

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