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Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

Dette prosjektet, kalt Hukommelse for musikk, fokuserer på det økende antallet mennesker over hele verden som lever med demens, spesielt Alzheimer's sykdom (AD). AD starter typisk med hukommelsesproblemer og påvirker etter hvert daglige aktiviteter. Aktive musikkintervensjoner, spesielt sang, har vist positive effekter på humør, atferd og livskvalitet for personer med demens, men deres innvirkning på kognisjon er ikke godt forstått. Prosjektet har som mål å fylle dette kunnskapsgapet ved å studere effektene av å lære nye sanger på kognitiv, atferdsmessig og hjernemessig funksjon.

Studien vil omfatte hjemmeboende voksne over 65 år med AD fra Argentina, Østerrike og Norge. Deltakerne vil gjennomgå 5 måneder med intensiv musikalsk opplæring (to ganger i uken) og 5 måneder med minimal opplæring (en gang i måneden) i tilfeldig rekkefølge, med en to måneders pause imellom. Intervensjonene inkluderer å lære nye sanger med en personlig musikklærer. Generell kognisjon vil bli målt ved bruk av Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog), og hukommelse for musikk vil bli vurdert gjennom ulike metoder, inkludert atferdsoppgaver og hjerneaktivitet (EEG). Humør vil også bli evaluert i hver økt.

Målet er å inkludere 113 deltakere for å sikre pålitelig påvisning av meningsfulle effekter. Studien vil utforske hvordan humør og hukommelse for musikk bidrar til endringer i kognitive evner, og om disse effektene varierer basert på faktorer som kjønn, alder, AD-stadium, eller tidligere musikalsk opplæring og generell utdanning. Prosjektet vektlegger samarbeid mellom forskere, tjenesteytere og brukere for å sikre studiens relevans og anvendelighet.

The number of people living with dementia is increasing and is high in low, middle, and high-income countries. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, manifests itself initially with cognitive impairment in memory domains, and later affects all activities of daily living. Active music interventions, particularly singing, can help to improve mood, behaviour problems, and quality of life. Too little is known about their effects on cognition, although some promising studies exist. The M4M project aims to fill this gap by measuring effects of learning new songs on clinical, behavioural and brain functioning. Specifically, M4M aims to examine changes in general cognitive functioning and memory for music in non-musician adults with AD undergoing intensive individual musical training based on singing novel songs, compared to minimal training.
        Home-dwelling adults with AD, 65 years or older, in 3 countries (Argentina, Austria, Norway), will receive 5 months of intensive intervention (2x/week) and 5 months of minimal intervention (1x/month), in random order, with a 2-month break in between. Interventions will entail learning new songs with an individual music teacher. At the end of each intervention period, general cognition will be measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-cog) by a person who is unaware of the intervention received. Memory for music will be tested with observations, behavioural tasks, and brain responses (EEG). Mood will be assessed in each session. We aim to include 113 participants; this will help us to reliably detect clinically meaningful effects. We will also examine how mood and memory for music lead to changes in cognitive abilities, and whether effects depend on sex, age, AD stage, or previous musical training or general education. M4M will be conducted in close collaboration between academic researchers, service providers, and service users to ensure relevance and applicability.

Memory for Music: Effects of individual intensive musical training based on singing in non-musicians with Alzheimer’s disease

Norge har under Parisavtalen påtatt seg en forpliktelse til å redusere klimautslippene sine med minst 55 prosent innen 2030 sammenlignet med nivået i 1990. Hittil har vi kun oppnådd 5 prosent av dette målet; vi har følgelig kun syv år på å redusere de resterende 50 prosent for å imøtekomme målene. For 2050 har vi satt oss enda større mål: å redusere klimautslippene med hele 90 prosent. Bakgrunnen for målene er at vi prøver å unngå de verste scenarioene FNs klimautvalg skisserer opp i sine rapporter. I tillegg har energiforbruket økt, og prognosene fra Statnett for ulike scenarier viser at energiforbruket skal fortsette å øke. Vi trenger følgelig mer energi. Dette har bidrat til at diskusjoner rundt kjernekraft i Norge er høyaktuelle og pågående. Norsk Kjernekraft AS har blitt opprettet med formål om å bygge Norges første kjernekraftverk. I tillegg ble det i fjor også bevilget 200 millioner kroner fra Regjeringen til et nytt senter som skal drive med nukleær forskning. Målet er å styrke den norske kunnskapsberedskapen på det nukleære området. Dette betyr at vi beveger oss i en retning hvor kjernekraft en dag kan bli aktuelt i Norge, og noen mener at dette er den eneste veien å gå hvis vi skal nå målene våre for 2050. Men i dag sitter vi med flere spørsmål enn svar, blant annet: Hvilken teknologi og leverandør burde vi velge? Er regelverket for snevert og strengt? Hvordan kan dette gjøres og samtidig ivareta sikkerhet? Hvordan tjener et kjernekraftverk penger?

Dette prosjektet skal svare på samtlige av disse spørsmålene i en detaljert og omfattende analyse. Her bruker vi grunnlagsdata til å vurdere dagens forskning opp mot hvordan industrien i andre land opererer, og ut ifra dette forsøke estimere hva risikoen knyttet til å bygge kjernekraft som industri i Norge er. Prosjektet sikter på å gi et så helhetlig bilde som mulig slik at vi kan gjøre oss opp en mening basert på fakta; om kjernekraft passer inn i miksen av det som utgjør norsk energi.

Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen skisserer forskningen Vala Maria Valsdottir (omtales herunder som stipendiaten) skal utføre innenfor sin doktorgradsavhandling. Prosjektet skal være en del av Senter for nukleær forskning (SNF) som fikk midler vinteren 2023.
Ph.d.-prosjektet er initiert av Inmeta Consulting AS, som igjennom denne ph.d.-stillingen vil bli en del av SNF. Inmeta planlegger en prosjektperiode på fire år, hvor stipendiaten arbeider 75 % med ph.d.-prosjektet og 25 % med vanlig virksomhet hos Inmeta. 
Prosjektet skal undersøke muligheten for kjernekraft som industri i Norge. Dette er både en samfunnsaktuell problemstilling samt en som medlemmene i SNF er interessert i å utforske. Stipendiaten kommer derfor til å samarbeide med alle aktørene som er involvert i senteret og benytte forskningsdata fra dem. Dette gjelder da spesielt Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE) som har mest grunnlagsdata som er relevant for dette prosjektet.
Kandidaten ferdigstilte en masteroppgave høsten 2020 i kjernefysikk på Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) og har derfor gode og relevante grunnkunnskaper for å ta på seg et slikt prosjekt. I tillegg har kandidaten tre års erfaring innenfor energibransjen, og er derfor oppdatert på industrien og forstår deres problemstillinger godt.

Er kjernekraft aktuelt for Norge?

Potetskrell, et biprodukt fra industriproduksjon av potet (pommes frites, flak, chips mm.) er en råstoff ressurs som kan bli bedre utnyttet til nye formål. Skrellet er nemlig en rik kilde på antioksidanter, stoffer som planter naturlig har i seg for å beskytte mot skadelige UV-stråler og reaktive forbindelser som oksygen radikaler. Antioksidanter behøver vi også å tilsette i matvarer for å beskytte og ta vare på umettet fett så det ikke blir harskt og vondt i kontakt med luft. I dag brukes flere ulike syntetiske stoffer i matvarer for å hindre oksidasjon av fett og oljer. Men det er reist bekymring rundt sikkerheten for bruken av dem. Matvareindustrien, myndigheter og forbruker ønsker derfor å fjerne flere syntetiske antioksidanter og erstatte dem med naturlig alternativer. Det er imidlertid svært få slike produkter som er godkjent og tilgjengelig på markedet. Prosjektet Peel Preserve, som har et klart bærekraft mål, skal vise om et uttrekk av antioksidanter laget på industrielt potetskrell råstoff kan fungere som konserveringsmiddel og erstatte noen av de stoffene som brukes i dag. Tre næringsmiddelbedrifter skal teste potetskrell-ekstraktet i noen av sine produkter og utføre både interne og eksterne analyser på effekten. Men en viktig forutsetning for at potetantioksidant kan tas i bruk som nytt tilsetningsstoff i mat er at det blir godkjent av den Europeiske matsikkerhets myndigheten (EFSA) og gitt et E-nummer. Prosjektet skal igangsette denne lengre flertrinns godkjennings prosessen. Parallelt skal det utvikles en forretningsmodell og nødvendig beskyttelse rundt teknologien. Dersom industrien etter testingen av potetantioksidanten, vurderer denne som er god erstatning til konkurransedyktig pris, og en EFSA-godkjenning kan oppnås på sikt, åpner det for å kommersialisere et naturlig plante-basert produkt til beste for forbruker og for miljøet. Bak prosjektet Peel Preserve står Høgskolen i Innlandet i samarbeid med Nofima og Klosser Innovasjon.

Preserving foods with potato peels: Industry-relevant validation and first regulatory assessment of a new natural antioxidant

Applied Biocatalysis is the development through science and engineering of useful biological catalysts and their commercial applications. The BNCM 2024 conference has an intention to gather approx. 100 international and national scientists from academia and industry in addition to PhD students from the international community. BNCM 2024 will be the 7th in this series of meetings with attendees from both academia and industry presenting and discussing the newest research in enzyme catalysed reactions in other media than water. The conference series was started in 1986 by professors Hans Tramper and Urs von Stockar, University of Wageningen, the Netherlands, and has later been chaired in Russia, Italy and Germany before Elisabeth Jacobsen at NTNU was give the honor of chairing the conference.  Collaboration in biocatalysis research has been supported by EU Frameworks as three subsequent COST actions. The first action, COST Action D25 "Applied Biocatalysis. Stereoselective and environmentally friendly reactions catalysed by enzymes " (2001-2007) was initiated and chaired by professor Thorleif Anthonsen, NTNU, the founder of the Biocatalysis Group at NTNU, which the project leader of this conference now chair. The strategy of applied biocatalysis fits well under the definitions of white biotechnology and Sustainable chemistry (Suschem) and fits also well with the EU Green Deal Strategy.

7th International Conference on Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media

End-to-End Green House Gas (GHG) Monitoring Service

Sustainable cultivation of polychaetes as feed in aquaculture

InterNASH - An intercellular-pathway therapeutic for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Det bygde miljøet krever en umiddelbar innføring av ombruksstrategier som adresserer ressursavfalls- og utslippsproblemet. Resirkulering og ombruk begrenses av mangel på prosedyrer for kvalitetsvurdering som reduserer risikoen for industrien. 
Derfor er det nødvendig med en resertifiseringsprosess basert på pålitelig, replikerbar og gjennomførbar tilstandsvurderingsmetodikk for gjenvunnet/innebygd tømmer.
Hovedmålene for prosjektet:
Identifisere settet med ikke-destruktive tester (NDT) som er best egnet for omfattende og effektiv tilstandsvurdering (dvs. tetthet, stivhet, styrke, brannmotstand, defekter, fuktighetsinnhold, fiberretning) i tre som er gjennomførbart for in-situ, samt laboratoriemiljø.
Utvikle prosedyrer for etterbehandling av data fra NDT-er for den høyeste informasjonsverdien og kombinert risiko-/pålitelighet-kvantifisering med en omfattende metadatamal for datalagre.
Testing av den utviklede metodikken på en reell case-studie for adaptiv gjenbruk av en fem-etasjes kontorbygning i tømmer. 
Etablering av sirkularitetskvantifisering basert på det reelle potensialet og LCA-prosedyre for langlivede tømmerprodukter, inkludert risikokvantifisering over flere ombruk og resirkulering/gjenvinning – tømmerkaskade.
Utvikle dokumentasjon og retningslinjer for resertifisering for gjenvunnet tømmer som grunnlag for europeisk standardisering.
Ombruk av eksisterende bygninger eller deres komponenter har i dag det høyeste potensialet for å redusere karbonutslipp fra byggeindustrien og begrense etterspørselen etter nye råvarer. Ti-ReX har som mål å forbedre byggebransjens bærekraft ved å muliggjøre utstrakt gjenbruk av bærende trekonstruksjoner - enten i den opprinnelige bygningen med samme eller endret konfigurasjon, eller i andre bygninger. Treelementer i bygninger kan ha flere formål; for eksempel bærende, stabilisering, brannspredningsforebygging, varme- og lydisolering og estetikk.

TiREX project answers to the Joint Call Forest Value 2, topic on 'Sustainable timber building systems'. Focus is put on enabling reuse and life extension of the timber structures by developing knowledge and tools for condition assessment of reclaimed timber. The main barrier to circular economy of timber industry addressed in TiReX is the organisation of timber strength grading and quality assessment of solid timber around the material raw production in the saw mill industry. TiREX is divided into 5 core work packages focused on laboratory testing (Spain), data processing (WUT), pilot project of adaptive reuse of timber (Norway), environmental analysis (Finland), and dissemination and communication (Latvia). Testing reclaimed timber from north, south and east Europe with non-destructive and destructive methods is the core TiREX activity and includes mechanical and thermal performance. Methods of data processing for replicability, accuracy, uniformity, future standardization, practicality and reliability of results in real settings will be developed and tested. Real timber building adaptive reuse project in Norway will provide field laboratory for verifying theoretical ideas and frameworks. Holistic environmental assessment methodology for circular wood industry will be theoretically developed and showcased on the pilot building. TiREX contributes to the call objectives of increased carbon sequestration, optimal carbon storage, circular use of wood, integration of cascading, as well as addresses circular and recycling wood principles, organisational structure and policies and regulation. TiReX project is focused on generating knowledge and procedures that offer huge potential for emission and waste reduction and thus require fast popularization and adoption within construction industry to be impactful. TiREX has strong transnational cooperation to prepare data sets that span wide range of parameters representative for Europe via sharing knowledge and laboratories.

ForestValue2 JC2023 - Smart condition assessment of Reclaimed Timber for eXtended service life of long-lived wood products

Midlene fra TRANSPORT-Transport 2025 fordelt på år

Midlene fra TRANSPORT-Transport 2025 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra TRANSPORT-Transport 2025 fordelt på fagområde

Det søkes om arrangemtentsstøtte til å arrangere et symposium om anvendelsen av Big Data i transportforskning i Norge. Dette er et viktig satsningsområdet for Transport 2025, og er avgjørende for å måle effekten av ulike tiltak i transportsektoren. Symposiet arrangeres av prosjektet "Smart data for greener transportation - potentials and pitfalls in evaluating behavioral changes" ved Transportøkonomisk institutt. Vi forventer 60 deltakere på arrangementet som avholdes på Thons Hotell Opera 15 juni 2017.

Symposium Big Data in Transportation Research

As a primary producer of natural gas, it is economically and socially important for Norway to develop a scientific basis for the utilization of this natural resource, as a supplement to its export.  The NFR is in agreement with this premise, as evidenced by the support of three separate, yet integrated, projects for the development of new homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalysts for the activation and functionalization of alkanes.  These projects support a multi-dimensional team encompassing both the un iversity and institute sectors that combines expertise in synthesis, testing, and theoretical modeling.  The homogeneous synthesis, the heterogeneous synthesis and testing, and the modeling aspects of these socially and politically relevant projects are f inanced through 2006 by the KOSK, FRINAT, and NANOMAT programs.  The homogeneous testing work, which was supported only through the end of 2004 as a subproject of one of the larger projects, is the focus of this proposal.  It is imperative that this aspec t receive continued funding to complete the synergistic relationship with the already-financed ones.  Indeed, results from this homogeneous testing project will be necessary for furthering the success of the heterogeneous testing project.
The project will  address specific topics in the manner outlined below:
1.  Understanding of the proposed catalytic reaction mechanism from stoichiometric reactions of model intermediates.
2.  Determination of potential oxygen atom donors from stoichiometric reactions wit h model Pt(IV) intermediates and full-scale testing of known alkane activation compounds in a catalytic reactor rig with on-line GC/MS analysis.

A New Generation of Catalysts for Activation and Functionalization of Alkanes:  Homogeneous Catalytic Testing

The Norwegian Organic chemistry Winter meeting is arranged for the 21st consecutive year in January 2006.  OKV1 was arranged in 1986 with approximately 80 participants.  Since that time the numbers of participants from Universities, Research Institutes an d Industry increased gradually stabilizing at approximately 130-140 participants.  The meetings are arranged around four plenary lectures each lasting 60 minutes and 20-30 short lectures of 20 minutes each. In the couple of last years "lightening" lecture s lasting 10 minutes accompanied with poster presentations have become popular. In addition pure poster presentations are included every year. The meetings regularly have participants from the other Scandinavian countries.   The OKV meetings represent an important contact arena for scientists in organic and related fields in Norway.  Many young scientists present their first lecture at these meetings.  During the OKV meetings commercial companies and vendors of scientific- equipment and chemicals promote their products.  The project leader have been asked to take over  the responsibility for the economic, technical and scientific parts for the Winter Meeting in 2006.

Organisk Kjemisk Vintermøte 2006

It is expected that one postdoc will pursue the organic aspect of the project:  further development of the one-pot corrole synthesis, an exploration of its generality, functionalization of corroles, etc.

A second individual should focus on the coordinati on chemistry, primarily inorganic synthesis, while a third individual should focus on physical measurements.

Emphasis will be placed on the discovery of new reactions, new complexes and intermediates, and new electronic-structural and mechanistic insight s.

Transition metal corrole chemistry: self-assembly, transition metal chemistry, and catalysis

Both the asymmetric hydroformylation of olefins and the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines and unfunctionalized olefines are reactions with a great potential for industrial applications. Even though some successful catalysts exist for these processes ther e is still a large potential for further development with respect to scope, catalyst activity and selectivity. The main objective of this project is the development of more active catalysts for asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins and iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation of imines and unfunctionalized olefins. For this purpose, ligands containing a new class of coordinating group - a phosphinine ring - are studied. A variety of phospinine-containing iridium ligands are prepared by existing as well as new synthetic strategies.

Conceptually New Phosphinine-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis

Agelasines are 7,9-dialkylpurinium salts isolated from marine sponges (Agelas sp.) and asmarines are neutral purine derivatives isolated from Raspaila sp. sponges. These two classes of natural products are structurally related; they both contain terpenoid  side chains. Up till now only a few agelasines and no asmarines have been synthesized. High activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacterium that causes tuberculosis) has been found for some agelasines and analogs. Tuberculosis (TB) is the majo r cause of death from a single infectious agent among adults in developing countries and there is estimated that 30 million people will die from TB in the next 10 years. However no new drug directed specifically against TB have been introduced the last 30  years even though multi-drug resistant TB is a growing problem. In this project, we will develop selective synthesis of agelasines and analogs. Allylic rearrangements and allylic oxidations will be key-steps in the formation of the terpenoid part of the compounds. We will continue to screen the agelasines and analogs formed for antimycobacterial activity and try to determine their mode of action as antibacterials. We are also interested in potential activity against other microorganisms as well as other biological activities of agelasines.  Little is known about bioactivity of asmarines. We will develop methodology for construction of the 7-membered ring in the asmarines, and work towards the first total syntheses of these compounds. The asmarines and an alogs formed will be subjected to the same bioactivity studies as described for the agelasines.

Synthesis of Agelasines and Analogs, and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities

Støtte til "Professor Jan Bakke-symposium"

The purpose of this project is to explore the functionalisation of different alkenols (produced by coupling of 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxy-1-butyne with aldehydes and ketones and subsequent reduction), at the carbon-carbon double bond with the aim of obtaining ca rbohydrate derivatives, which are modified at C-3 or C-4 or at both.

The overseas part of this project will focus on further investigating the reactions of 1,3-dithiane derivatives of 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxy-1-butyne. The ultimate goal of these reactions wil l be to make modified deoxygenated carbohydrates, deoxygenated at the 3-position.

Deoxygenated sugar derivatives are abundant in nature usually deoxygenated at the 6-position (plant and bacterial polysaccharides) or at the 2-position (DNA). In recent yea rs other deoxygenated sugars have been isolated from antibiotics and cardiac glycosides.

Modified carbohydrates from 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxy-1-butyne
(rest overført 151726)

The series of conferences on Carbon Dioxide Utilization are international, multi-disciplinary conferences concerned with finding new ways to use carbon dioxide as a raw material.  The conferences are held every two years on a rotating basis between Asia, Europe, and North America.  The last European venue was Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1999.

The utilization of CO2 is of particular interest to Norway.  One current example is the use of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery, which is under demonstration at the Sleipne r field in the North Sea.  The topic of CO2 capture and recovery, which is another theme of the conference, is clearly relevant to the development of more economical CO2-free, natural gas-fired power plants, which is essential to meet future energy demand .  In addition to this, however, creation of value-added products, with CO2 as a renewable resource, would have economic benefit for all types of gas-fired power plants which include capture and sequestration of CO2.  Since CO2 is a kinetically and thermo dynamically stable molecule, a central aspect of nearly all processes involving conversion of CO2 to value-added products is catalysis, making this conference also relevant to the KOSK program.

8th International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization (ICCDU-VIII)

The long-term goal of the project is to develop new catalysts for olefin metathesis that allows for better stereocontrol of the product alkenes. Massive screening involving density functional theory (DFT) and multivariate data analysis (QSPR/QSAR) is perf ormed to aid the experimental efforts and to reduce the number of compounds subjected to synthesis. The project proceeds as a collaboration between three research groups with expertise in catalysis, organic and organometallic chemistry, multivariate model ing (QSPR/QSAR), and computational transition metal chemistry. We focus on the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction for which the lack of rational control of the formation of cis and trans olefinic products poses limitations on the application of metath esis in organic synthesis. Contemporary ruthenium alkylidene catalysts are highly active and robust, but their inherent symmetry hampers the development of Ru-based catalysts with excellent stereocontrol. The current project devotes itself to a systematic  search for novel transition metal complexes with electronic properties comparable to those of the Ru-based catalysts, but with lower symmetries and better opportunities for control of the stereoselectivity through substitution. The screening involves var iation of both metal and ligand and the potential catalysts, the metal—alkylidene complexes, are generated in a combinatorial fashion. Multivariate methods are used to select subsets of representative ligands from a library of more than 250 transition met al ligands for use in the combinatorial generation of complexes. The number of complexes still grows rapidly as a function of the number of ligands and metals involved, and accordingly the currently proposed investigation is limited to groups 5—10 (Ta—Pt)  of the third-row transition metals.

Theory-assisted design of catalysts for olefin metathesis.
Investigation of novel third-row transition metal complexes (se prosjekt 160072)

Natural gas has become an abundant hydrocarbon fuel and chemical feedstock and promises to remain so. Utilizing this resource with minimum environmental impact is a major challenge to catalysis. The present proposal consists of the following subprojects: 1) Catalytic dehydrogenation of NGL components. Catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane, propane, butane is an important industrial process. Coke formation is a major problem at industrial conditions. Coke is deposited on the metal and on the support and the catalyst must frequently be regenerated without loosing activity, selectivity and stability. The Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) reactor has proved to be very successful in studying the kinetics of rapidly decaying catalysts. The present p roject addresses the study of catalytic dehydrogenation of lower alkanes by means of the TEOM reactor. 2) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is an important part in GTL (gas-to-liquid) technology. A key element in impropved Fischer-Trops ch technonolgy is the development of active catalysts with high selectivity for waxes. The present proposal focuses on the mechanism for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on Co catalysts and in particular on how the selectivity depends on catalyst properties. 3) MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems)-based microchannel catalyst/reactor system for production of hydrogen from methanol. The project focuses on the development of silicon-based microstructured system. Catalyst coatings applied to microchannel walls ar e to be developed and implemented.

Gas Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals Including Hydrogen

The organic winter meeting serve as a national meeting for the organic chemists of Norway. This is an annual event and an unique opportunity for organic chemists from both academia and industry to meet and make relations and possibly collaborations. For g raduate and dr. students the meeting serve as practical training in making presentations. The tradition is that we invite 3-4 distinguished foreign speakers to present their work making possibilities for international relations, as well. Both the social a nd scientific atmosphere are popular as seen by the stable number of participants and the fact that all geographical parts of Norway are represented.

Det 20. Organisk Kjemiske Vintermøtet 2005

Coordination polymers constitute a group of materials that combine inorganic and organic components on a nanoscale. Such materials have a high chemical and structural diversity, and are expected to have a broad applicability within catalysis, adsorbents, membranes, sensors, superconductors, etc. The preparation and characterization of hybrid materials need expertise from several fields of chemistry and physics, such as organic chemistry, metal organic chemistry, solid state chemistry, material chemistry, catalysis and modeling. In the proposed project the focus will be on the use of coordination polymers within heterogeneous catalysis. The high thermal stability of these materials and the possibility to control the physical as well as molecular properties  should make them suited as catalysts for processes running at intermediate temperatures (150 to 300C). The work will be concentrated on traditional homogeneous processes where a significant gain is obtained upon heterogenizing the catalytic site if one m anages to keep the high selectivity and activity of the homogeneous process. Processes in question are: Carbonylation reactions (e.g. acetic acid production), Hydroformulation reactions (aldedyde production),  and C-C coupling reactions (Heck reaction). T he project is part of a cooperation within coordination polymers between Department of Chemistry at University of Oslo (Prof. Helmer Fjellvåg, Dr. Kjell Ove Kongshaug, Prof. Unni Olsbye, Prof. Karl Petter Lillerud) and SINTEF Materials and Chemistry (Dr. Richard Heyn, Dr. Richard Blom, Dr. Ole Swang, Dr. Pascal D, C. Dietzel, Dr. Siren Neset). The present proposal will be connected to the project "153869/431 Hybrid Materials" within the NANOMAT program.

Coordination polymers as heterogeneous catalysts

Acid catalysis over zeolite type materials is one of the most important and fundamental topics in catalysis. Basic natural gas conversion processes like MTO (methanol to olefins), dimerisation, and C4 isomerisation can be performed using acid catalysis by  zeolites and/or microporous SAPOs. In addition, refinery processes like catalytic cracking, reforming, aromatisation and C5-C6 isomerisation rely on zeolite based catalysts as well. There is a growing understanding that many of these reactions share comm on features regarding the elementary reaction mechanisms including deactivation.

The Oslo groups have a long history of research on MTH-type reactions, and a break-throught in the understanding of the reaction mechanism has come during the past few years . In this project, our ambition is to bring this knowledge even further by studying the effect of individual material parameters on the selectivity of MTH-type reactions. Electronic effects, steric requirements as well as diffusion effects are among the m ain parameters affecting the reactions and they have previously not been studied in much detail.

Although MTH-type reactions are the focal point of this project, we believe that the results of the project will be beneficial not only for the creation of a  second generation of MTH catalysts, but also for tailoring of catalytic zeolite-type materials for other carbocation-mediated reactions.

Carbocation mediated hydrocarbon reactions over acidic zeolite-type catalysts

Development of organocatalysis

New catalysts for activation and functionalization of alkanes, catalytic testing

Towards a "green" process for asymmetric dihydroxylation and aminohydroxylation of alkenes

Gas conversion to fuels and chemicals including hydrogen

New methods for preparation of optically active unsaturated alcohols and amines

This project supports the running cost for a commercial program package from Accelrys, specially designed for modeling heterogeneous catalysis and material science.  
In modern chemical research it is a prerequisite to combine the power of experimental kn owledge with insight obtained from a quantum chemical description of the system under investigation. Theoretical calculations make it possible to interpret complex experimental results like IR-patterns of a reacting system, it might provide in formation t hat are not directly observable, like the structure and energy of reaction transition states. And it provides a visualization and insight on an atomic level that enables the researcher to design new experiments. 
It is important that students are trained in this way of performing their research.
Catalysis is in its nature special in the broad range of methods in use.  Learning to use theoretical tools is as demanding as learning to operate an advanced experimental instrument. It is in this respect a huge difference to use low cost or free packages (which we also use) and a commercial package. 


Reaction mechanism elucidations in carbocation mediated hydrocarbon reactions over acidic zeolite type catalysts

Søknaden gjelder reise og opphold for 4 utenlandske foredragsholdere ved Organisk Kjemisk Vintermøte 2004, samt trykking av møteheftet.  Konferansen holdes på Røros i perioden 8.-11. januar 2004, og opplegget for konferansen vil i stor grad være som i tidligere år. Hensikten med de organisk kjemiske vintermøtene er å skape en møteplass for alle som jobber med organisk kjemi og relaterte fa gområder ved universiteter, høyskoler, institutter og i industrien. Vel så viktig er det at dette skal være en arena der hovedfagsstudenter og stipendiater gis anledning til å presentere seg selv, sine prosjekter og resultater.  Velrennomerte eksterne plenarforedragsholdere inviteres for å bidra til ytterligere inspirasjon og diskusjon. Tanken er at faglig inspirasjon og nettverksbygging skal oppnår gjennom en kombinasjon av faglige og sosiale aktiviteter.

Organisk kjemisk vintermøte 2004

Syntese med dihydroxyaceton

Theory-assisted design of catalysts for olefin metathesis

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiopure biologically acrylic compounds. Study of enzyme mechanism

Metal catalysis is extensively used in the formation of C-C bonds, but in the last decade free-metal catalytic processes are also desirable, expecially from an environmental point of view. The project will focus on the development of selective radical reactions involving electron deficient nitroarenes as catalysts, and various organic anions involved in single-electron transfer (SET) processes. Tentatively the process will be developed into  a general method for generating C centered radicals. Related to this field, addition to various vinylic species, radical cyclisation and tandem radical cyclisation will be directed to the synthesis of natural product moieties, where a high stereoselectiv ity degree is desirable. Investigations of factors influencing the stereochemistry of the process will be studied (e.g. Beckwith's rules). Another promising appolication of SET processes is for the formation of azo bonds, whose presence contributes to confer molecules special properties. Azo compounds have interesting pharmacological properties and are potential ligangds in metal complexes, so new easier synthetic approaches are of noteworthy interest. Synthesis of benzo(c)innolines, benzo(c,d)indazoles and biphenyldiazenes will be investigated. Subsequently synthesis of metal complexes and studies of their catalytic properties will be considered.

Novel Radical Reactions for Selective Organic Synthesis

Hensikten med prosjektet er å få bedre kunnskap og forståelse av elementære reaksjonstrinn på industrielle katalysatorer, især dehydrogenering av alkaner på klynger av innskuddsmetallatomer. Sammenheng mellom klyngestørrelse, fysikalske egenskaper og reak tivitet vil være av særlig interesse.

Metal Clusters and Industrial Catalysis. Reactions of Hydrocarbons with Platinum and Ruthenium Clusters

Natural gas has become an abundant hydrocarbon fuel and chemical feedstock and promises to remain so. Utilizing this resource with minimum environmental impact is a major challenge to Catalysis. Methane can be converted to fuels and chemicals in two ways, either via synthesis gas or directly to C2-hydrocarbons or methanol. Despite heavy research efforts over the last 2 decades in developing direct conversion processes, no real breakthrough has been made so far. Commercial processes for methane conversion are therefore mainly based on synthesis gas (CO and/or H2). Primary processes for conversion of natural gas components are usually carried out at high temperatures. The processes for production of synthesis gas and hydrogen (steam/autothermal reforming, partial oxidation), dehydrogenation of C3 - C 4 alkanes, catalytic combustion and steam cracking are all examples of processes carried out at high temperatures. The above list should also be augmented by new process concepts such as partial oxidation of C2 - C4 alkanes to olefins and synthesis gas, oxidative coupling of CH4 and even conversion of hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fuel cells. These are all catalytic processes carried out on the surface of solid materials or they may involve a combination of surface an d gas phase reactions. Secondary processes for conversion of natural gas involve reactions based on synthesis gas and lower olefins. The lower olefins are the main building blocks for the petrochemical industry and are usually not included in the term gas conversion. Large scal e conversion of natural gas to liquid products (GTL; Gas-To-Liquids technology) includes the Fischer-Tropsch and methanol synthesis. Other products and in particular oxygenated products, may also be produced from synthesis gas at a relatively large scale. Projects at NTNU/SINTEF starting in 2003 1. Selective catalytic oxidation of hydrogen - NTNU. The purpose of the proposed project is to educate one dr.-ing.-student through a research project addressing the selective catalytic combustion of hydrogen in the presence of hydrocarbons with the purpose of providing in situ heating for the very endoth ermic catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes. Project leader: Edd A. Blekkan, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, NTNU. Dr.ing. candidate: NN. Project period: 2003 - 2006. 2. Sorption enhanced reaction process in a moving bed monolith reactor for production of hydrogen - NTNU. The main goal is to develop a new type of reactor for one-step hydrogen production. The focus is on the sorption enhanced steam reforming reactions by selectivily removing CO2. Project leader: De Chen, Dept of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Dr.ing. candidate: NN. Project period: 2003-2006. 3. The role of support for Co-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts - NTNU. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is an important part of most natural gas conversion (GTL) process developments in recent years. The aim of the project is to study the behavior of cobalt catalysts supported on different oxides in order to obtain information abou t support effects on the performance of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Project leader: Anders Holmen, Dept of Chemical Engineering, NTNU. Dr.ing. candidate: NN. Project period: 2003 - 2006. 4. MEMS-based catalyst/reactor systems for production of hydrogen from methanol for miniaturised power - SINTEF. The main objective is to develop a MEMS-based microchannel catalyst/reactor system for production of hydrogen from methanol. Catalyst coatings applied to the microchannel walls are to be developed and implemented. This will be a joint effort between SINTE F Applied Chemistry, SINTEF Electronics and Cybernetics, NTNU and the Norwegian Nano- and Microtechnology Centre. Project manager: Hilde Venvik, SINTEF Applied Chemistry Co-ordinator at NMC/SINTEF ECY Microsystems: Anders Hanneborg Project period: 2003-2006

Gas Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals

This programme covers a concentrated effort from SINTEF and UiO to study reaction mechanisms influenced by structural and chemical effects using acid zeolite type materials. Investigations of the methanol to hydrocarbon reactions (MTH) will be a central part of the programme with focus on the elucidation of the active carbon pool species, allowing to draw conclusions valid for the mechanisms of alkylation, isomerisation and c racking reactions as well. In addition, one activity will concentrate on the synthesis, modeling and characterisation of new zeolite type catalysts.  Computational chemistry is performed in close cooperation with the experimental work. New approaches are used to calculate reaction energies, leading to information on thermodynamics and activation energies as well as kinetics  enabling discrimination bet ween different proposed reaction mechanisms.

Carbocation mediated hydrocarbon reactions over acidic zeolite type catalysts

We have developed a novel class of extremely short peptides with high activity against several pathogenic bacteria, including multiresistant strains. During this project we will further develop and reine these compounds by determining the molecular proper ties of these peptides that contribute to antibacterial activity, toxiciet and metabolic stability. The research tools include asymmetric synthesis of novel amino acids using Schollkopif and Suzuki methodology. These amino acids will be incorporated into peptides which will be studied with regard to biological activity as well as threedimensional structure. From this data set quantitative structure-activity relationships will be determined, which will enable us to further reine these molecules. urthermore  we wuld like to explore the concept of in silico screening for a rapid evaluation of a large library of computer generated compounds.

Design and synthesis of short Class L-peptides with high activity against multiresistant bacteria

The purpose of this project is to explore the functionalisation of different alkenols (produced by coupling of 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxy-1-butyne with aldehydes and ketones and subsequent reduction), at the carbon-carbon double bond with the aim of obtaining ca rbohydrate derivatives, which are modified at C-3 or C-4 or at both. The project will focus on the introduction of amino and perfluoroalkyne groups at these positions, to give amino-sugar and perfluoroalkyl-sugar derivatives. Amino-sugar derivatives play an important role in the human immune system and are often found as substructures in natural products. Perfluoroalkyl-substituted sugar derivatives have properties which indicate that they should be useful as surfactants and e mulsifiers for biomedical applications.

Modified carbohydrates from 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxy-1-butyne

Today, Norwa's natural gas resources are mainly exported as is, with only a minor part being processed domestically into value-added products. This project is aimed at the development of economically and ecologically improved processes for converting natu ral gas into such products by use of metal complex catalysis. Through earlier projects, collaboration has been established between the group of Professor Tilset at the University of Oslo and our department at SINTEF. This interaction between the academia and institute sectors, as well as between experimental and quantum chemical approaches, has proved highly fruitful, and we expect to employ it to its full potential in the present project. The project is centered on two main areas: 1. Dr.Scient. candidate working mainly at the UiO, on synthesis and characterisation of organometallic complexes which are interesting catalyst candidates for functionalisation of alkanes (scholarship has already been granted by NFR to Mats Tilset, UiO). 2. Testing of promising catalysts from the above research, using a catalyst testing rig built at SINTEF, under a variety of conditions. This work will mainly be performed by a post doc.

TRANSPORT-Transport 2025

Symposium Big Data in Transportation Research

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